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Essential Biochemistry - Lipid Metabolism (Section 8)

1
What is the role of citrate in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
It transports acetyl-CoA from the mitochondria to the cytosol.
2
What is the role of insulin in lipid metabolism?
Answer
(C)
Promotes fatty acid synthesis.
3
What is the role of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase?
Answer
(B)
Hydrolyzing triglycerides in chylomicrons and VLDLs
4
Which of the following molecules serves as the primary building block for sphingolipid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
Sphingosine
5
Which enzyme is deficient in Tay-Sachs disease?
Answer
(A)
Hexosaminidase A
6
Which hormone stimulates lipolysis in adipose tissue?
Answer
(B)
Glucagon
7
Which enzyme catalyzes the first committed step in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
8
What is the function of lipoprotein lipase?
Answer
(B)
Breakdown triglycerides in lipoproteins
9
In which organ the fatty acids are oxidized?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
10
Which of the following intermediates in the oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids is likely to appear in the urine in vitamin B12 deficiency?
Answer
(B)
Methylmalonic acid
11
Which of the following lipoprotein has protective effect against the disorder?
Answer
(A)
HDL
12
What is the committed step in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(A)
The carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA
13
Where does fatty acid synthesis primarily take place in the cell?
Answer
(B)
Cytoplasm
14
What is the role of NADPH in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
Provides reducing power
15
What molecule is the primary precursor for fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(C)
Acetyl-CoA
16
What is the main function of chylomicrons?
Answer
(A)
Transporting dietary fat from the intestine to the tissues
17
What is the primary function of bile acids?
Answer
(A)
Emulsification of dietary fats
18
What is the primary function of chylomicron remnants?
Answer
(B)
Deliver dietary triglycerides to the liver
19
Which disease results from a deficiency in sphingomyelinase?
Answer
(A)
Niemann-Pick disease
20
What is the major precursor used to synthesize glycerol-3-phosphate?
Answer
(B)
Glucose
21
What are the key products generated during the beta-oxidation of fatty acids?
Answer
(B)
Acetyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH2
22
Which disease is caused by a deficiency in glucocerebrosidase?
Answer
(B)
Gaucher's disease
23
What processes are stimulated during the fed state?
Answer
A
B
24
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the breakdown of triacylglycerols?
Answer
(B)
Hormone-sensitive lipase
25
Which of the following processes is stimulated by glucagon?
Answer
(D)
Lipolysis
26
What is the function of chylomicrons?
Answer
(A)
Transporting dietary fats from the intestine
27
Which enzyme is involved in the synthesis of fatty acids?
Answer
(B)
Fatty acid synthase
28
Name the defective enzyme in Gaucher's disease?
Answer
(C)
Glucocerebrosidase
29
What is the precursor of sphingosine?
Answer
(B)
Palmitoyl-CoA and serine
30
What is the main function of the carnitine shuttle?
Answer
(A)
To transport fatty acids into the mitochondria
31
What is the primary regulatory enzyme in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(A)
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
32
Which of the following statements correctly describes VLDL?
Answer
B
C
D
33
What is the role of LCAT (Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase)?
Answer
(A)
Esterification of cholesterol in HDL
34
Which of the following enzymes are involved in the process of beta-oxidation?
Answer
A
B
35
What is the primary function of fatty acid synthase (FAS)?
Answer
(C)
To synthesize palmitate from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA.
36
Which of the following is not true for LDL?
Answer
(C)
Contains apo C-II
37
Which of the following enzymes are involved in triacylglycerol synthesis?
Answer
A
B
38
Which of the following are stimulators of ketogenesis?
Answer
B
C
39
What is the primary function of HDL?
Answer
(B)
To transport cholesterol to the liver
40
In which cellular compartment does beta-oxidation of fatty acids primarily occur?
Answer
(B)
Mitochondrial matrix
41
What are the primary products of beta-oxidation of fatty acids?
Answer
(B)
Acetyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH2
42
Which of the following is the primary product of beta-oxidation?
Answer
(B)
Acetyl-CoA
43
What molecule carries the two-carbon units for fatty acid chain elongation?
Answer
(B)
Malonyl-CoA
44
What is the major site of ethanol oxidation?
Answer
(A)
Liver
45
What is the function of lipoprotein lipase?
Answer
(B)
To hydrolyze triglycerides in lipoproteins.
46
Where does fatty acid synthesis occur in the cell?
Answer
(B)
Cytoplasm
47
Which of the following is considered a ketone body?
Answer
(B)
Acetoacetate
48
Which of the following pathways of oxidation of fatty acids does not require CoA intermediates?
Answer
(A)
α-oxidation
49
Where does beta-oxidation of fatty acids occur?
Answer
(B)
Mitochondrial matrix
50
Which enzyme is involved in the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids from palmitate?
Answer
(C)
Elongase