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Essential Biochemistry - Lipid Metabolism (Section 2)

1
During electrophoretic separation, the fastest moving lipoprotein is:
Answer
(A)
HDL
2
What is the role of a chylomicron?
Answer
(B)
Carry triglycerides from the intestine to tissues
3
What is the source of the acyl group used in the synthesis of triglycerides?
Answer
(B)
Fatty acyl-CoA
4
Which of the following is NOT a factor involved in the development of atherosclerosis?
Answer
(B)
High HDL levels
5
Rate controlling step of cholesterol biosynthesis is:
Answer
(B)
HMG-CoA -> Mevalonic acid -> CoA
6
What is the main site of fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
Cytosol
7
Which of the following is NOT a component of a lipoprotein?
Answer
(D)
Amino Acids
8
In which tissue does fatty acid synthesis primarily occur?
Answer
(A)
Liver
9
What is the role of citrate in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(C)
A means of transporting acetyl-CoA from the mitochondria to the cytosol
10
Which of the following intermediates in the oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids is likely to appear in the urine in vitamin B12 deficiency?
Answer
(B)
Methylmalonic acid
11
Which of the following ketone bodies cannot be metabolized in human body?
Answer
(B)
Acetone
12
What process does fatty acid beta-oxidation perform?
Answer
(B)
Breakdown of fatty acids
13
Which organ is the primary site of fatty acid oxidation?
Answer
(B)
Adipose tissue
14
Which of the following pathways of oxidation of fatty acids does not require CoA intermediates?
Answer
(A)
α-oxidation
15
Which of the following conditions can lead to ketogenesis?
Answer
A
B
16
What is the role of citrate in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(C)
It transports acetyl-CoA from mitochondria to cytosol
17
What is the main function of lipoprotein lipase?
Answer
(B)
To break down triglycerides in chylomicrons and VLDL
18
Which of the following is the process of forming triacylglycerols in liver and adipose tissues?
Answer
(D)
Esterification
19
What type of bond is formed in the esterification of glycerol with fatty acids?
Answer
(A)
Ester bond
20
What is the main source of dietary cholesterol?
Answer
(A)
Animal products
21
How many ATPs are produced when palmitoyl-CoA, a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid is oxidized completely to CO2 and H2O?
Answer
(D)
129
22
Which of the following processes produces NADPH for fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(C)
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
23
Where does the elongation of fatty acids mainly occur?
Answer
(C)
Endoplasmic reticulum
24
Which of the following is NOT a product of fatty acid synthase?
Answer
(C)
NADPH
25
Which of the following molecules is a precursor for ketone body synthesis?
Answer
(C)
Acetyl-CoA
26
Which of the following compounds is a key component of cell membranes and is involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones?
Answer
(B)
Cholesterol
27
Where does fatty acid elongation primarily occur?
Answer
(C)
Endoplasmic reticulum
28
Which of the following is a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of triacylglycerol in adipose tissue?
Answer
(C)
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
29
Which of the following is NOT a component of a lipoprotein particle?
Answer
(D)
Glucose
30
Which of the following molecules is required for the activation of fatty acids before beta-oxidation?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
31
Which of the following is/are required for the synthesis of triacylglycerols?
Answer
A
B
32
Which of the following conditions would favor fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(C)
Excess carbohydrate intake
33
What is the role of malonyl-CoA in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(C)
It is an elongation substrate
34
Which factors can contribute to fatty liver?
Answer
A
B
C
35
Which of the following is true in fatty acid elongation?
Answer
B
D
36
What is the primary role of HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)?
Answer
(C)
Transporting cholesterol from the tissues to the liver
37
Which of the following is a characteristic of type II diabetes mellitus?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
38
Free fatty acids are transported in plasma as a:
Answer
(D)
Ligand bound to albumin
39
Which of the following is a ketone body?
Answer
(B)
Acetoacetate
40
What is the role of ApoE in lipoprotein metabolism?
Answer
(C)
Recognition by the LDL receptor family
41
Which of the following factors stimulates the activity of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)?
Answer
(C)
Epinephrine
42
Which molecule plays a critical role in transporting fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane?
Answer
(A)
Carnitine
43
What is the primary source of glycerol-3-phosphate used for triacylglycerol synthesis in adipose tissue?
Answer
(C)
From glycolysis
44
Which of the following molecules is used to synthesize sphingosine?
Answer
(D)
Both Palmitoyl-CoA and Serine
45
Which of the following statements is correct for fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
Requires NADPH as a cofactor
46
Which of the following are components of lipoproteins?
Answer
A
B
C
D
47
Where does β-oxidation of fatty acids occur?
Answer
(C)
Mitochondrial matrix
48
Which enzyme is deficient in Gaucher's disease?
Answer
(C)
Glucocerebrosidase
49
Which of the following molecules is primarily involved in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
50
What is the primary function of bile acids?
Answer
(B)
To emulsify dietary fats