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Essential Biochemistry - Lipid Metabolism (Section 11)

1
Which enzyme is responsible for the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols in chylomicrons?
Answer
(A)
Lipoprotein lipase
2
Which of the following is the main site of cholesterol synthesis in the body?
Answer
(B)
Liver
3
What is the main function of bile salts in lipid digestion?
Answer
(B)
Emulsifying lipids
4
Which of the following is a minor risk factor?
Answer
(C)
Lack of exercise
5
Which of the following processes are stimulated during the fasting state?
Answer
A
C
6
What enzyme is the primary regulator of fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
7
What compounds are required for beta-oxidation?
Answer
A
B
C
8
Which of the following hormones stimulates lipolysis?
Answer
(B)
Glucagon
9
How are LDL formed?
Answer
(B)
From VLDL
10
Which of the following is an abnormal form of lipoprotein?
Answer
(C)
Lp(a)
11
What molecule acts as a carrier during fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
Acyl carrier protein (ACP)
12
What is the role of lipoprotein lipase (LPL)?
Answer
(A)
Hydrolyzes triglycerides in chylomicrons and VLDLs
13
Which lipoprotein primarily transports dietary triglycerides?
Answer
(A)
Chylomicrons
14
Which of the following is the starting material for fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(C)
Acetyl-CoA
15
What is the end product of beta-oxidation?
Answer
(A)
Acetyl-CoA
16
Which process is stimulated by insulin?
Answer
(D)
Fatty acid synthesis
17
Where does fatty acid synthesis occur within the cell?
Answer
(B)
Cytoplasm
18
Which lipoprotein is responsible for reverse cholesterol transport?
Answer
(D)
HDL
19
Which of the following is a key regulatory step in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(A)
The conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
20
What is the starting material for ketone body synthesis?
Answer
(B)
Acetyl-CoA
21
Which enzyme activates fatty acids for beta-oxidation?
Answer
(B)
Acyl-CoA synthetase
22
Which apolipoproteins are important for chylomicrons?
Answer
B
C
D
23
Which of the following is the enzyme involved in the synthesis of fatty acid?
Answer
(A)
Fatty acid synthase
24
What is the role of insulin in lipid metabolism?
Answer
A
B
25
What are the clinical symptoms of Gaucher's disease?
Answer
A
B
C
26
The following are the features of the fatty acid synthase complex, except:
Answer
(C)
It requires biotin as a cofactor
27
Which conditions are associated with elevated levels of triglycerides?
Answer
A
B
C
28
What is the primary function of carnitine in fatty acid metabolism?
Answer
(A)
Transporting fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane
29
What is the cause of Gaucher's disease?
Answer
(C)
Deficiency of glucocerebrosidase
30
Which of the following is a characteristic of chylomicrons?
Answer
B
C
D
31
Which enzyme is responsible for the initial activation of fatty acids before beta-oxidation?
Answer
(B)
Acyl-CoA synthetase
32
What is the purpose of the carnitine shuttle?
Answer
(A)
To transport fatty acids into the mitochondria
33
What is the role of ACP in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
It carries the growing fatty acyl chain.
34
What are the sources of ketone bodies?
Answer
(A)
Liver
35
What are some consequences of hyperlipidemia?
Answer
A
B
C
36
Which factors are involved in the regulation of cholesterol synthesis?
Answer
A
B
C
37
How many ATPs are produced when palmitoyl-CoA, a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid is oxidized completely to CO2 and H2O?
Answer
(D)
138
38
Which of the following statements correctly describes the role of carnitine in fatty acid metabolism?
Answer
(A)
Carnitine facilitates the transport of fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane.
39
What is the role of glucagon in lipid metabolism?
Answer
(C)
Promotes lipolysis
40
Which of the following particles transport dietary fats from the intestine?
Answer
(A)
Chylomicrons
41
What is the role of chylomicrons?
Answer
(A)
Transporting dietary lipids from the intestine
42
What are the main substrates needed for fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
A
B
C
43
Which enzyme catalyzes the committed step of fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
44
What are the key features of the fatty acid synthase complex?
Answer
A
B
45
Which enzyme is defective in Tay-Sachs disease?
Answer
(A)
Hexosaminidase A
46
What is the primary fate of acetyl-CoA produced from fatty acid oxidation in the liver during periods of excess fatty acids?
Answer
(C)
It is converted to ketone bodies.
47
What is the primary function of lipoprotein lipase?
Answer
(A)
Hydrolyzing triglycerides in chylomicrons and VLDLs
48
Which disease is characterized by the accumulation of glucocerebroside?
Answer
(B)
Gaucher disease
49
What is the primary product of beta-oxidation?
Answer
(B)
Acetyl-CoA
50
What are the main products of fatty acid beta-oxidation?
Answer
A
B
C