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Biology for IGCSE & O level - Biotechnology And Genetic Modification (Section 3)

1
What type of gas is usually produced during anaerobic respiration in yeast cells?
Answer
(B)
Carbon dioxide.
2
What process is used to sterilize the material in an industrial fermenter?
Answer
(C)
Heating to a high temperature.
3
What process is essential for bread-making?
Answer
(A)
Fermentation.
4
Which of the following statements is true regarding genetic modification?
Answer
(B)
It involves changing the genetic material of an organism.
5
What is a plasmid?
Answer
(B)
A circular piece of DNA in bacteria.
6
Which condition(s) must be carefully controlled in an industrial fermenter?
Answer
A
B
C
7
Which of the following is an advantage of using enzyme-based detergents in washing powders?
Answer
(C)
They can remove stains at low temperatures.
8
What is the meaning of the term 'anaerobic' fermentation?
Answer
(A)
Fermentation that takes place without oxygen.
9
What is the primary purpose of air supply in an industrial fermenter?
Answer
(B)
To add oxygen for aerobic respiration.
10
What type of sugar is broken down to produce ethanol during biofuel production?
Answer
(C)
Glucose.
11
Which of the following is a good use of the products created in biotechnology?
Answer
(B)
To make cleaning products to remove stains.
12
What is a major concern associated with genetic modification?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
13
Which of the following are examples of products that can be made using microorganisms?
Answer
A
B
C
14
Which of the following are produced by bacteria for the food industry?
Answer
A
B
C
15
What type of organism is typically used in the industrial production of biofuels, such as ethanol?
Answer
(B)
Yeast.
16
What is the role of a fermenter?
Answer
(C)
To provide a suitable environment for microorganisms.
17
What is the main reason for using an air supply in a fermenter?
Answer
(B)
To provide oxygen.
18
What is the role of a 'water-cooled jacket' in an industrial fermenter?
Answer
(C)
To remove the heat generated by the microorganisms.
19
What is the primary goal of genetic modification of crops in areas dealing with food insecurity?
Answer
(C)
To increase the yield and nutritional value of crops.
20
Which of the following is an example of a food product that is often made with the help of biotechnology?
Answer
(B)
Bread.