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Biology for IGCSE & O level - Biotechnology And Genetic Modification (Section 2)

1
What is the role of an air supply in a fermenter?
Answer
(B)
To provide oxygen for aerobic respiration
2
What is the name of the enzyme used to break down protein stains?
Answer
(C)
Protease
3
Which type of enzyme is used to remove grease stains?
Answer
(B)
Lipase
4
Which of the following is an example of the use of biotechnology in the food industry?
Answer
(C)
Extraction of fruit juice
5
Which gas is produced during fermentation?
Answer
(C)
Carbon dioxide
6
Which of the following best describes the process of anaerobic respiration in yeast during bread making?
Answer
(B)
Yeast cells respire to produce various dioxide, yeast cells respire without oxygen to produce alcohol.
7
What is the role of a water-cooled jacket in an industrial fermenter?
Answer
(B)
To remove the heat
8
What is an advantage of genetic modification in crop plants?
Answer
(C)
Reduced need for insecticides
9
What is the purpose of adding a 'stirrer' to the industrial fermenter?
Answer
(C)
To mix the contents thoroughly.
10
What is a common concern regarding the use of genetically modified crops?
Answer
(B)
They can cause a reduction in biodiversity.
11
Which of the following best describes a plasmid?
Answer
(A)
A ring of DNA
12
What is the correct sequence of steps in the genetic modification of bacteria to produce human proteins (like insulin)?
Answer
(A)
2, 1, 3, 6, 5, 4
13
Which of the following are the components of a fermentation process? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
B
C
D
14
What are some of the roles of bacteria in industrial applications? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
B
C
D
15
What is the role of a water-cooled jacket in a fermenter?
Answer
(B)
To cool the contents of the fermenter.
16
What are the main conditions that are controlled in an industrial fermenter?
Answer
(B)
Temperature, pH and nutrient levels.
17
What is the main product of anaerobic respiration by yeast in bread making?
Answer
(B)
Ethanol and carbon dioxide
18
Which type of enzyme is used to remove starch from fabric?
Answer
(A)
Amylase
19
Which gas is a product of the fermentation process in bread making?
Answer
(B)
Carbon dioxide
20
What type of energy is released by ethanol when it burns?
Answer
(B)
Potential energy
21
What is the name of the enzyme used to extract juice from fruits?
Answer
(A)
Pectinase
22
What type of gene is used to make human insulin?
Answer
(A)
The human insulin gene
23
What is the purpose of adding enzymes to biological washing powders?
Answer
(B)
To breakdown stains.
24
Which of the following is used in the production of lactose-free milk?
Answer
(C)
Lactase
25
How can genetic modification be used in agriculture?
Answer
(D)
All of the above.
26
Which of the following is a product of bread-making fermentation?
Answer
(C)
Carbon Dioxide
27
What is the role of a plasmid in genetic modification?
Answer
(A)
To transfer genes into bacteria
28
What is the function of a fermenter?
Answer
(B)
To control the conditions for microbial growth
29
What is an advantage of using microorganisms in biotechnology?
Answer
(A)
They can reproduce quickly.
30
What is a key characteristic of industrial fermenters?
Answer
(C)
They operate under controlled conditions.
31
In the context of making lactose-free milk, what does the enzyme lactase do?
Answer
(A)
It breaks down lactose.
32
How does the use of genetically modified crops affect biodiversity?
Answer
(B)
It can reduce biodiversity by reducing the number of plant varieties.
33
What is the main purpose of using bacteria in the production of human insulin?
Answer
(C)
To produce insulin on a large scale.
34
What is the role of a restriction enzyme in the production of human insulin?
Answer
(B)
To cut the human insulin gene from the DNA.
35
What is a key characteristic of a recombinant plasmid?
Answer
(A)
It is a plasmid that has had a gene inserted into it.
36
Which enzyme is used in making lactose-free milk?
Answer
(C)
Lactase.
37
Which of the following is a potential advantage of genetically modified crops?
Answer
(C)
Increased food production.
38
Why is it advantageous to use plasmids in genetic modification?
Answer
(B)
Plasmids can be replicated easily.
39
What type of environment do microorganisms need for fermentation?
Answer
(C)
Controlled temperature and pH, presence of nutrients.
40
What is the main advantage of 'herbicide resistant' crops?
Answer
(A)
They can be sprayed with herbicides without being harmed.
41
Which of the following is a step in producing insulin using genetic modification?
Answer
A
B
D
42
Which is a source for biofuels?
Answer
(A)
Sugar cane.
43
How is the herbicide resistance introduced into herbicide resistant crops?
Answer
(A)
The gene from a bacterium is transferred.
44
Which of the following best describes the function of 'Golden Rice'?
Answer
(C)
It is enriched with vitamin A.
45
What is the most likely function of a 'stirrer' in an industrial fermenter?
Answer
(C)
To keep nutrients and oxygen evenly distributed.
46
What is the role of a 'probe' in an industrial fermenter?
Answer
(B)
To monitor and control conditions like pH.
47
In bread-making, what is the function of yeast?
Answer
(B)
To release carbon dioxide.
48
What is the role of pectinase in the extraction of fruit juice?
Answer
(B)
To break down pectin in cell walls.
49
In the context of genetic modification, what does the term 'recombinant plasmid' refer to?
Answer
(B)
A plasmid with a gene of interest inserted into it.
50
Which of the following is/are examples of enzymes used in biological washing powders?
Answer
A
B
C
D