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Quick Biochemistry - Mineral Metabolism (Section 8)

1
What is the approximate BMR for healthy adult women, expressed in kcal per hour per square meter?
Answer
(B)
36
2
Which group generally has a higher BMR?
Answer
(B)
Men or women?
3
Which condition is associated with a decrease in BMR?
Answer
(B)
Starvation
4
Which of the following typically results in an elevated BMR?
Answer
(D)
Pregnancy
5
Which of the following conditions typically does NOT lead to a decreased BMR?
Answer
(A)
Fever
6
In which of the following scenarios is BMR NOT typically elevated?
Answer
(C)
Addison's disease
7
What is the approximate percentage of energy expenditure associated with the specific dynamic action of carbohydrates?
Answer
(A)
5%
8
Approximately what percentage of energy expenditure is attributed to the specific dynamic action of proteins?
Answer
(D)
30%
9
Which of the following is NOT considered an essential trace element?
Answer
(D)
Cadmium
10
Through which bodily fluid is the largest amount of sodium typically eliminated?
Answer
(A)
Urine
11
Which of the following is NOT a significant source of magnesium?
Answer
(C)
Meat
12
Which of the following foods is a good source of iron compared to the others?
Answer
(D)
Liver
13
In children with iron deficiency, how is the absorption of iron in the gastrointestinal tract affected?
Answer
(B)
Double than in normal child
14
What is the primary way humans obtain fluoride?
Answer
(B)
Water
15
Approximately how much copper is typically found in the body of a grown adult?
Answer
(C)
100-150 mg
16
A blood concentration of 310-340 mg per 1000 ml is considered normal for which electrolyte?
Answer
(D)
Sodium
17
What is the daily phosphorus requirement for an infant?
Answer
(A)
240-400 mg
18
In which part of the body is the largest amount of zinc typically found?
Answer
(C)
Skin
19
What is the typical concentration of chloride ions in cerebrospinal fluid, per 100 ml?
Answer
(B)
440 mg
20
Approximately how much iron is in a typical adult's body?
Answer
(C)
4-5 gm
21
Which dietary factor promotes phosphorus absorption?
Answer
(B)
An acidic environment
22
What is the recommended daily intake of potassium for a healthy individual?
Answer
(D)
4 grams
23
The absorption of calcium is reduced by a high dietary concentration of which of the following?
Answer
(C)
Magnesium
24
In which of the following locations is the highest concentration of calcium typically found?
Answer
(C)
Muscle
25
Which vitamin contains cobalt as a crucial component?
Answer
(C)
Vitamin B₁₂
26
What is the primary role of iodine in the human body?
Answer
(A)
Thyroxine synthesis
27
Which vitamin deficiency is most likely associated with a hypochromic, normocytic anemia accompanied by increased iron stores in the bone marrow?
Answer
(C)
Pyridoxine
28
A lack of copper can disrupt normal collagen formation by decreasing the activity of which enzyme?
Answer
(B)
Lysyl oxidase
29
In what form is molecular iron (Fe) mainly stored within the body?
Answer
(D)
In combination with ferritin
30
Which statement about calcium is NOT correct?
Answer
(B)
It easily moves across the endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells
31
Where is iron primarily absorbed?
Answer
(B)
Duodenum and jejunum
32
What is the usual pathway for calcium elimination?
Answer
(C)
Kidney and Intestine
33
Which muscle groups are impacted by low calcium levels?
Answer
(D)
Skeletal muscles + smooth muscles + cardiac muscles
34
Transferrin belongs to which protein family?
Answer
(B)
a-globulin
35
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Wilson's disease?
Answer
(D)
Urinary excretion of Cu is decreased
36
In the case of excessive Vitamin D intake, which of the following describes the calcium levels?
Answer
(A)
Both serum and urinary "Ca" are high
37
Approximately what percentage of potassium is found in extracellular fluid?
Answer
(A)
1%
38
Which of the following is an iron-containing pigment?
Answer
(C)
Hemasiderin
39
Which statement about Wilson's disease is incorrect?
Answer
(C)
Arthritis
40
Which condition is associated with high serum iron and low iron-binding capacity?
Answer
(B)
Sideroblastic anaemia
41
Which of the following medical issues would likely NOT improve with iron supplementation?
Answer
(D)
Thalassemia minor
42
In individuals with hemochromatosis, what substance commonly accumulates within the liver?
Answer
(B)
Iron
43
Which statement is correct regarding hypochromic anemia, excluding situations where it stems from iron deficiency?
Answer
(D)
Iron therapy provides positive results
44
What element is found in cytosolic superoxide dismutase?
Answer
(C)
Zn and Cu
45
An elevated blood calcium level might suggest which of these conditions?
Answer
(D)
Hypervitaminosis D
46
Which of the following essential trace elements plays a role in the body's production of hemoglobin?
Answer
(D)
Cu
47
Zinc is a component of which of the following enzymes?
Answer
(B)
Carbonic anhydrase
48
The active transport of calcium is controlled by a compound produced in the kidneys. Which of the following is that compound?
Answer
(D)
1, 25-di OH-Cholecalciferol
49
Ceruloplasmin demonstrates which of the following enzymatic functions?
Answer
(A)
Ferroxidase
50
What is the primary positively charged ion found outside of cells?
Answer
(B)
Na+