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Quick Biochemistry - Hormone Metabolism (Section 7)

1
Which substance inhibits the thyroid gland's absorption of iodide?
Answer
(A)
Thicyanate
2
Upon binding, growth hormone's receptor causes the phosphorylation of which of the following?
Answer
(D)
All of these
3
When growth hormone binds to its receptor, what is the resulting impact on gene transcription?
Answer
(A)
c-fos gene
4
Which of the following triggers the activation of IRS-1, PI-3 kinase, and GRB2?
Answer
(B)
Insulin
5
What enzyme phosphorylates the protein IRS-1?
Answer
(B)
Protein kinase C
6
What is the function of the GRB-2 protein after being activated by phosphorylated IRS-1?
Answer
(B)
Growth factor receptor binding protein-2
7
STAT proteins are best described as which of the following?
Answer
(D)
Signal transduction and activators of transcription
8
Which molecule does activated phospholipase C act upon?
Answer
(A)
Phosphatidyl inositol-4, 5-biphosphate
9
What is the activator of phospholipase C?
Answer
(C)
G proteins
10
What compounds, in addition to proteins, form proteoglycans?
Answer
(D)
Mucopolysaccharides
11
Elevated sweat chlorides are a characteristic finding in
Answer
(A)
Cystic fibrosis
12
Identify the incorrect statement regarding cystic fibrosis:
Answer
(C)
It causes increased sweating
13
The typical percentage of a radioactive iodine test dose absorbed by the thyroid gland after 24 hours is
Answer
(C)
20-40% of the test done
14
Which condition is associated with an elevated radioactive iodine uptake by the thyroid gland?
Answer
(B)
Hyperthyroidism
15
What is the typical reference range for total thyroxine in serum?
Answer
(D)
5-12 µg/dl
16
The normal range for total tri-iodothyronine in serum is
Answer
(B)
0.1-0.2 µg/dl
17
Administration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) would lead to an increase in serum T3 and T4 levels in cases of
Answer
(C)
Hypothyroidism of pituitary origin
18
Which scenario is indicated by high levels of T3 and T4 along with low TSH in the serum?
Answer
(C)
Hyperthyroidism of thyroid origin
19
An increased Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is observed in
Answer
(B)
Thyrotoxicosis
20
Which statement accurately characterizes eukaryotic DNA?
Answer
(C)
It contains no repetitive DNA
21
Which type of mutation results in a shift of the reading frame?
Answer
(C)
Deletion
22
What molecule frequently acts as a secondary messenger for hormones?
Answer
(B)
cyclic AMP
23
What hormone is primarily responsible for promoting sodium reabsorption in the body?
Answer
(B)
Aldosterone
24
Aspirin's mechanism of action involves inhibiting the production of which substances?
Answer
(D)
All of these
25
The body's retention of sodium typically leads to the retention of which other substance?
Answer
(B)
Water
26
The abbreviation cAMP is derived from its structural characteristic related to
Answer
(D)
Its cyclic molecular configuration
27
Protein bound iodine, in this context, is mostly bound to which molecules?
Answer
(B)
Thyroid hormones
28
In animals without a pituitary gland, what effect does fasting primarily have on blood sugar levels?
Answer
(B)
Hypoglycemia
29
Which hormone acts as an opposing force to calcitonin?
Answer
(D)
Para thyroid hormone
30
Which condition is characterized by excessive urination (polyuria) without the presence of sugar in the urine (glycosuria)?
Answer
(A)
Diabetes insipidus
31
What is a common characteristic of hyperparathyroidism?
Answer
(B)
Low phosphate levels
32
Which condition is often associated with insulin resistance?
Answer
(D)
Acromegaly
33
Where is the highest concentration of prostaglandins typically found in a human male?
Answer
(C)
Semen
34
Which of these is NOT a common type of second messenger used by hormones?
Answer
(A)
mRNA
35
Which pancreatic hormone is responsible for raising blood sugar levels?
Answer
(B)
Glucagon
36
Which statement accurately describes the nature of hormones?
Answer
(D)
Hormones are produced in small amounts within the body to regulate metabolic processes
37
What does 'T' typically represent in the context of thyroid hormones?
Answer
(B)
Triiodothyronine
38
Which hormone is composed of fewer than ten amino acids, making it a small peptide?
Answer
(C)
Oxytocin
39
What substance interacts with tyrosine within thyroglobulin to produce mono- and diiodotyrosines?
Answer
(D)
Higher valency state of iodine
40
Which hormone listed does NOT trigger the activation of adenylate cyclase?
Answer
(D)
Insulin
41
A tumor of which gland is a Pheochromacytoma?
Answer
(A)
Adrenal medulla
42
Which of the following statements is false?
Answer
(D)
Insulin facilitates gluconeogenesis
43
Which of the following compounds contains an aromatic ring?
Answer
(B)
Estrogens
44
Which of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the gastrointestinal tract?
Answer
(D)
Calcitonin
45
Which of the following hormones are initially synthesized as larger precursor molecules?
Answer
(C)
Insulin and parathyroid hormone
46
Which of the following hormones contains a disulfide bond?
Answer
(B)
T4
47
The increase in blood sugar levels caused by a hormone from the adrenal cortex is primarily due to
Answer
(A)
Gluconeogenesis
48
Why can hyperinsulinism lead to a coma?
Answer
(A)
Glucose is the primary energy source for the brain
49
In clinical settings, which property of prostaglandins is often used?
Answer
(C)
Stimulating smooth muscle contraction
50
What is a key structural difference between estrogens and androgens?
Answer
(D)
Estrogens possess an aromatic ring