Quick Biochemistry - Carbohydrates And Carbohydrate Metabolism (Section 4)
1
In a reaction, UDP dehydrogenase converts UDPG into UDP glucuronic acid. Which molecule acts as the electron acceptor in this process?
Answer
(B)
NAD+
2
Which product is formed when galactokinase interacts with galactose?
Answer
(C)
Galactose-1-phosphate
3
What is the specific term for the metabolic process where alanine is converted into glucose?
Answer
(D)
Gluconeogenesis
4
The hormones of the suprarenal cortex contribute to elevated blood sugar levels through which mechanism?
Answer
(A)
Gluconeogenesis
5
How many ATP molecules are produced from the glycolysis of one mole of glucose under conditions lacking oxygen?
Answer
(B)
Two
6
Which of these metabolites plays a key role in linking glucose and fatty acid metabolism?
Answer
(A)
Acetyl CoA
7
Which sugar is the primary component of cerebrosides?
Answer
(C)
Galactose
8
An abundance of which dietary component can lead to the conversion of glucose into fatty acids?
Answer
(A)
Carbohydrates
9
What is the substance responsible for the purple ring observed in the Molisch reaction?
Answer
(B)
Furfural + α Napthol
10
Which enzyme does *not* have an impact on the conversion of glycogen synthase a to b?
Answer
(D)
Glycogen phosphorylase a
11
In which metabolic pathway does 2-phosphoglycerate transform into another compound?
Answer
(A)
Phospho enol pyruvate
12
What reaction, which replenishes oxaloacetate, involves the addition of a carboxyl group?
Answer
(B)
Pyruvate carboxylation
13
Which test is used to identify ketohexoses?
Answer
(A)
Seliwanoff's test
14
What are the two main products of the HMP shunt pathway?
Answer
(B)
NADPH and pentose sugars
15
Which cofactors are essential for the oxidative decarboxylation carried out by both the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex?
Answer
(D)
COASH, TPP, NAD+, FAD, Lipoate
16
What is the name of the four-carbon aldose phosphate produced in the HMP shunt pathway?
Answer
(C)
Erythrose P
17
What happens to sucrose (cane sugar) when it is introduced into the bloodstream?
Answer
(C)
It undergoes no significant change
18
Which metabolic process leads to an increase in pentose production?
Answer
(A)
HMP shunt
19
The process of converting alanine into a carbohydrate is called:
Answer
(B)
Gluconeogenesis
20
Which of the following enzymes plays a role in glycolysis?
Answer
(A)
Pyruvate kinase
21
Which metabolic process yields pentoses within our bodies?
Answer
(D)
HMP shunt
22
What enzyme(s) facilitate the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate in human liver cells?
Answer
(C)
Hexokinase and glucokinase
23
Which of the following enzymes plays a crucial role in glycolysis?
Answer
(A)
Pyruvate kinase
24
Approximately how long after glucose intake does a typical glucose tolerance curve reach its maximum value?
Answer
(B)
1 hr
25
What coenzyme is essential for the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate?
Answer
(D)
COASH
26
In which of the following conditions is glucose tolerance typically elevated?
Answer
(B)
Adrenalectomy
27
In which of the following conditions is glucose tolerance typically reduced?
Answer
(A)
Diabetes mellitus
28
Which enzyme breaks down Fructose 1,6 diphosphate during glycolysis?
Answer
(C)
Aldolase
29
Which enzyme is necessary for the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway to function?
Answer
(D)
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
30
Dehydrogenase enzymes involved in the hexose monophosphate shunt exhibit specificity for which coenzyme?
Answer
(B)
NADP+ specific
31
In the absence of oxygen, how many ATP molecules are produced from the glycolysis of one mole of glucose?
Answer
(B)
Two
32
What enzyme facilitates the conversion of glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate?
Answer
(C)
Phosphorylase
33
Identify the substance that is NOT an enzyme involved in glycolysis.
Answer
(D)
Glucose oxidase
34
To ensure the continuation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, what molecule must be regenerated?
Answer
(B)
oxaloacetic acid
35
Which hydrogen carrier is involved in the dehydrogenation of succinic acid to fumaric acid?
Answer
(C)
flavoprotein
36
Which two tissues typically exhibit the highest overall glycogen storage levels?
Answer
(C)
Liver and muscle
37
Which of the following substances would NOT produce a positive result in a Rothera test?
Answer
(A)
ẞ-hydroxy butyrate
38
In which medical condition is gluconeogenesis often elevated?
Answer
(B)
Diabetes Mellitus
39
What vitamin derivative acts as the hydrogen carrier when lactic acid is oxidized to pyruvic acid?
Answer
(C)
NAD+
40
In which scenario is physiological glycosuria commonly observed?
Answer
(B)
Alimentary glycosuria
41
Which two compounds are generated through substrate-level phosphorylation within the Embden-Meyerhof (EM) pathway during glucose metabolism?
Answer
(A)
1,3 bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoenol pyruvate
42
When acetyl CoA undergoes complete oxidation via the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle, how many ATP molecules are produced?
Answer
(D)
12
43
In which step of the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?
Answer
(D)
Succinate thiokinase
44
Why can't fatty acids be transformed into carbohydrates within the body?
Answer
(C)
Transformation of acetyl CoA to pyruvate
45
What term describes the process where tissues produce lactic acid from glucose?
Answer
(D)
Anaerobic glycolysis
46
During the combined Embden-Meyerhof (EM) and Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycles, how many CO₂ molecules are produced from a single glucose molecule?
Answer
(A)
6
47
How many CO₂ molecules are produced in a single turn of the Hexose Monophosphate (HMP) shunt from one molecule of glucose?
Answer
(B)
1
48
What are the four enzymes that regulate the rate of gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(B)
Pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase, fructose 1,6 diphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase
49
What must glucose be converted to for glycogenesis to occur?
Answer
(C)
UDP glucose
50
Which enzyme does fluoride specifically inhibit to halt glycolysis?
