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Essential Biochemistry - Lipid Metabolism (Section 3)

1
Ketosis occurs in all of the following conditions, except:
Answer
(B)
Malnutrition
2
What is the role of carnitine in the transport of fatty acids?
Answer
(B)
It transports fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane
3
What is the role of lipoprotein lipase?
Answer
(B)
Hydrolyzes triglycerides in chylomicrons and VLDLs.
4
Ethanol is converted in the liver to:
Answer
(B)
Acetaldehyde
5
Which of the following enzymes is required for the esterification of cholesterol in HDL?
Answer
(B)
Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)
6
What is the name of the process that produces ketone bodies?
Answer
(A)
Ketogenesis
7
What is a major function of cholesterol in the body?
Answer
(B)
Cell membrane structure
8
What is the primary function of chylomicrons?
Answer
(B)
Transport dietary triglycerides from the intestine to the tissues
9
Which of the following molecules is a negative allosteric regulator of acetyl-CoA carboxylase?
Answer
(B)
Palmitoyl-CoA
10
Which of the following is the committed step of fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(A)
Formation of malonyl-CoA
11
In which cellular compartment does beta-oxidation occur?
Answer
(B)
Mitochondria
12
What type of reaction is catalyzed by fatty acid synthase?
Answer
(C)
Reduction
13
What is a major function of cholesterol?
Answer
A
B
D
14
What is the primary function of apolipoproteins?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
15
What type of lipid is a major component of the myelin sheath in nerve cells?
Answer
(D)
Sphingolipids
16
What are some potential effects of high levels of LDL cholesterol?
Answer
A
B
17
Which enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis?
Answer
(A)
HMG-CoA reductase
18
Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of malonyl-CoA?
Answer
(A)
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
19
Which of the following is a characteristic of fatty acid elongation?
Answer
(B)
Adds two carbon atoms at a time
20
What is the role of hormone-sensitive lipase?
Answer
(B)
Breaks down triacylglycerols in adipose tissue
21
Which enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(A)
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
22
Which lipoprotein is primarily responsible for transporting cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver?
Answer
(D)
HDL
23
What molecule serves as the primer for fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(A)
Acetyl-CoA
24
Which of the following are products of β-oxidation of fatty acids?
Answer
A
B
C
25
Which of the following enzyme deficiencies results in Tay-Sachs disease?
Answer
(A)
Hexosaminidase A
26
Which of the following is a sphingolipid?
Answer
(B)
Ceramide
27
What is the role of carnitine in fatty acid metabolism?
Answer
(B)
It transports fatty acids into the mitochondria.
28
The form in which dietary lipids are transported from intestinal mucosal cells is:
Answer
(C)
Chylomicrons
29
Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of NADPH in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
It is an electron donor.
30
Which of the following is a ketone body?
Answer
(A)
Acetoacetate
31
Which of the following are required for fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
A
B
C
32
Which of the following is a characteristic of familial hypercholesterolemia?
Answer
(B)
Defective LDL receptors.
33
Which of the following is not true for LDL?
Answer
(C)
Contains apo C-II
34
Which enzyme deficiency is associated with Niemann-Pick disease?
Answer
(B)
Sphingomyelinase
35
Which of the following conditions is associated with hypertriglyceridemia?
Answer
(A)
Type I hyperlipoproteinemia
36
Which of the following is a precursor for the synthesis of sphingolipids?
Answer
(C)
Palmitoyl-CoA
37
What is the primary function of bile salts in lipid digestion?
Answer
(B)
Emulsify dietary lipids, increasing their surface area for enzymatic action.
38
Which enzyme catalyzes the committed step of fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(A)
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
39
Which of the following enzymes is deficient in Tay-Sachs disease?
Answer
(A)
Hexosaminidase A
40
Which of the following lipids is the major component of VLDL?
Answer
(B)
Triglycerides
41
Which one of the following transfers fatty acids from cytosol to mitochondria?
Answer
(A)
Carnitine
42
What type of molecule is ceramide?
Answer
(C)
A sphingolipid
43
What processes are involved in fatty acid oxidation?
Answer
A
B
C
44
The triacylglycerol present in adipose tissue is hydrolyzed by:
Answer
(B)
Hormone sensitive lipase
45
What is the role of chylomicrons in lipid transport?
Answer
(B)
Transporting dietary triglycerides from the intestine.
46
Which process is stimulated by insulin to increase fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(C)
Activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase
47
Where does the synthesis of fatty acids take place?
Answer
(B)
Cytosol
48
What is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis?
Answer
(A)
HMG-CoA reductase
49
What are the main components of chylomicrons?
Answer
A
B
C
D
50
Which of the following is an abnormal form of lipoprotein?
Answer
(C)
Lp(a)