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Essential Biochemistry - Lipid Metabolism (Section 10)

1
What is the role of insulin in lipid metabolism?
Answer
(C)
Promotes fatty acid synthesis
2
Which of the following lipids is a major component of the myelin sheath?
Answer
(C)
Sphingomyelin
3
Where does fatty acid oxidation (beta-oxidation) primarily occur?
Answer
(B)
Mitochondria
4
What is the role of carnitine in the beta-oxidation pathway?
Answer
(A)
It carries fatty acids into the mitochondria.
5
What are the main products of beta-oxidation?
Answer
A
B
C
6
Which of the following is/are a substrate(s) for triacylglycerol synthesis?
Answer
A
B
C
7
What is the fate of glycerol released during lipolysis?
Answer
(B)
Converted to glucose in the liver
8
Which of the following are precursors for the synthesis of sphingolipids?
Answer
A
B
9
What triggers the synthesis of ketone bodies?
Answer
(B)
Low insulin levels
10
Which enzyme is the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis?
Answer
(A)
HMG-CoA reductase
11
Which of the following is required for fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(C)
NADPH
12
What is the function of sphingomyelin?
Answer
(A)
A component of cell membranes and myelin
13
What are some potential complications of atherosclerosis?
Answer
A
B
C
14
What is the role of apo B-100?
Answer
(B)
It is present in LDL
15
Which of the following is a ketone body?
Answer
(B)
Acetoacetate
16
What is the role of LCAT?
Answer
(A)
Esterifies cholesterol
17
What are the main products of beta-oxidation?
Answer
A
B
C
18
During electrophoretic separation, the fastest moving lipoprotein is:
Answer
(A)
HDL
19
Where does fatty acid synthesis primarily occur within the cell?
Answer
(B)
Cytoplasm
20
Which is the primary site of lipid digestion?
Answer
(C)
Small intestine
21
What is the immediate precursor for the synthesis of fatty acids?
Answer
(B)
Acetyl-CoA
22
What are the main functions of the liver in lipid metabolism?
Answer
A
B
C
23
Which of the following is true regarding the synthesis of triacylglycerols?
Answer
A
B
C
24
Which of the following is a key step in regulation of triacylglycerol degradation in adipose tissue?
Answer
A
D
25
What is the primary function of HDL in cholesterol metabolism?
Answer
(B)
Transporting cholesterol from the peripheral tissues to the liver
26
What is the normal percentage of plasma cholesterol ester and free cholesterol? (Referring to case history 6 in the image)
Answer
(A)
70 and 30%
27
What are the ketone bodies primarily synthesized from?
Answer
(B)
Acetyl-CoA
28
Which enzyme is involved in the hydrolysis of triglycerides?
Answer
(A)
Lipase
29
What are the major components of a lipoprotein particle?
Answer
A
B
C
D
30
Which of the following is NOT a product of beta-oxidation?
Answer
(D)
Glucose
31
What is the role of hormone-sensitive lipase?
Answer
(A)
Hydrolyzing triglycerides in adipose tissue
32
Which of the following molecules play roles in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation?
Answer
A
B
C
33
Which of the following is/are synthesized in the liver?
Answer
A
B
C
34
Which process is stimulated by insulin?
Answer
(C)
Fatty acid synthesis
35
What is the source of the two-carbon units used in fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
(B)
Malonyl-CoA
36
What is the main function of lipoprotein lipase?
Answer
(A)
Hydrolyzing triglycerides in chylomicrons and VLDLs
37
Which of the following are key regulators of fatty acid synthesis?
Answer
A
B
D
38
What is the primary source of lipids in the blood?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
39
Which enzyme is responsible for the initial activation of fatty acids before beta-oxidation?
Answer
(B)
Acyl-CoA synthetase
40
In the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, what molecule is activated by CTP?
Answer
(A)
Choline
41
Which molecule is commonly found in the structure of phospholipids?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
42
What are the primary products of beta-oxidation?
Answer
A
B
C
43
What is the major product of beta-oxidation of fatty acids?
Answer
(A)
Acetyl-CoA
44
What is the primary function of lipoprotein lipase (LPL)?
Answer
(A)
Hydrolyzing triglycerides in chylomicrons and VLDLs
45
Which disease is caused by a deficiency in sphingomyelinase?
Answer
(C)
Niemann-Pick disease
46
Which enzyme is deficient in Tay-Sachs disease?
Answer
(A)
Hexosaminidase A
47
Which of the following enzymes is inhibited by palmitoyl-CoA?
Answer
(B)
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
48
All of the following are amphipathic lipids, except:
Answer
(A)
Triacylglycerol
49
Name the enzymes likely to be elevated in myocardial infarction. (Referring to case history 7 in the image)
Answer
(B)
CK-MB, Troponin
50
Which cellular organelle is primarily associated with fatty acid oxidation (beta-oxidation)?
Answer
(B)
Mitochondria