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Essential Biochemistry - Integration Of Metabolism And Metabolism In Starvation (Section 2)

1
During the first few hours of starvation, which process begins to be depleted?
Answer
(A)
Glycogenolysis
2
Which metabolic pathway is primarily responsible for providing the fuel for the brain during prolonged starvation?
Answer
(C)
Ketogenesis
3
What is the fate of glycerol released from the breakdown of triglycerides during starvation?
Answer
(C)
Converted to glucose
4
Which of the following is the key regulator of metabolism during starvation?
Answer
(B)
Glucagon
5
In the fasting state, the fatty acids are converted to glycerol and fatty acids, which are exported to:
Answer
(A)
the liver and other tissues
6
What causes a decrease in protein breakdown during starvation?
Answer
(A)
The body using fat for fuel
7
Which fuel is utilized in the brain during starvation?
Answer
A
B
8
Which of the following best describes the metabolic state of the brain during prolonged starvation?
Answer
(C)
Primarily uses ketone bodies
9
The major glucogenic amino acid coming from muscle to liver for gluconeogenesis during starvation is:
Answer
(C)
Alanine
10
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the metabolic changes that occur during starvation?
Answer
(C)
Increase in lipogenesis
11
In starvation, muscle protein is spared by:
Answer
(A)
Using fatty acids and ketone bodies
12
What is the precursor for ketone bodies?
Answer
(B)
Fatty acids
13
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the 'short-term starvation' phase?
Answer
(C)
Depletion of liver glycogen stores
14
Prolonged starvation leads to:
Answer
(D)
Increased utilization of fatty acids and ketone bodies
15
What is the primary function of ketone bodies during prolonged starvation?
Answer
(A)
Energy source for the brain
16
Integration of metabolism is considered at:
Answer
(C)
Both of the above
17
In prolonged starvation, the body's primary energy source shifts from glucose to:
Answer
(B)
Ketone bodies
18
During starvation, what happens to the concentration of blood glucose and insulin?
Answer
(D)
Glucose decreases, insulin decreases
19
During starvation, blood or tissue levels of all of the following are elevated, except:
Answer
(D)
Cholesterol
20
In prolonged starvation, the brain adapts to use _________ as its primary fuel source.
Answer
(B)
ketone bodies
21
Which of the following processes plays an essential role in maintaining blood glucose during short-term and prolonged starvation?
Answer
(B)
Gluconeogenesis
22
What stimulates the conversion of fatty acids into ketone bodies?
Answer
(C)
Low levels of glucose
23
In prolonged starvation, the main energy source of brain is:
Answer
(B)
Ketone bodies
24
During prolonged starvation, which of the following metabolic pathways is significantly increased?
Answer
(C)
Ketogenesis
25
What is the primary role of gluconeogenesis during starvation?
Answer
(B)
To synthesize glucose from non-carbohydrate sources
26
Which of the following is NOT a metabolic change that occurs during prolonged starvation?
Answer
(D)
Decrease in ketone body production
27
During the first few days of starvation, which of the following changes occurs?
Answer
(B)
Blood glucose levels decrease
28
Which of the following processes is inhibited during starvation?
Answer
(D)
Lipogenesis
29
The major organs along with their most important metabolic functions are summarized in which figure?
Answer
(C)
Figure 15.3
30
The primary function of adipose tissue during starvation is:
Answer
(C)
Lipolysis
31
Which hormone stimulates glycogenolysis?
Answer
(B)
Glucagon
32
Which tissues cannot utilize fatty acids for energy and depend on glucose?
Answer
(A)
Brain and red blood cells
33
Integration of metabolism at cellular level includes the different metabolic pathways of:
Answer
A
B
D
34
What stimulates the release of fatty acids from adipose tissue during starvation?
Answer
(B)
Low insulin levels
35
Conversion of Carbohydrates into Fatty Acids is performed via:
Answer
(A)
glycolysis pathway to pyruvate and then to acetyl-CoA
36
Which of the following is the starting material for the synthesis of fatty acids?
Answer
(C)
Acetyl-CoA
37
In the liver, the first source of glucose is:
Answer
(C)
glycogenolysis
38
Which of the following best describes the metabolic changes that are triggered by starvation?
Answer
(B)
Decreased insulin, decreased glucose, increased lipolysis
39
The metabolic adaptations in starvation are designed to:
Answer
(D)
All of the above
40
During starvation, glucose comes from which of the following:
Answer
A
B
41
In the liver, what is the primary function in response to starvation?
Answer
(B)
Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
42
Which of the following will lead to elevated levels in the blood during starvation?
Answer
A
B
43
Where does ketogenesis primarily occur?
Answer
(C)
Liver
44
Which process would contribute to the elevated levels of ketone bodies observed during prolonged starvation?
Answer
(C)
Lipolysis
45
Where are ketone bodies produced?
Answer
(A)
Liver
46
What is the primary role of the liver during starvation?
Answer
A
B
C
47
The first priority of metabolism in starvation is to provide which of the following substances to the brain and other tissues?
Answer
(C)
Glucose
48
The glycerol moiety of triacylglycerol is converted to glucose by gluconeogenesis after activation to:
Answer
(D)
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
49
Which of the following is NOT a metabolic adaptation to starvation?
Answer
(C)
Increased lipogenesis
50
Which of the following is NOT a role of the liver in metabolism?
Answer
(B)
Synthesis of fatty acids