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Essential Biochemistry - Detoxification (metabolism Of Xenobiotics) (Section 2)

1
What is the role of Acetyl-CoA in detoxification?
Answer
(B)
Used in the acetylation reaction
2
What is the source of Glucuronic acid?
Answer
(A)
Glucose
3
What is the common example of conjugation with Glycine?
Answer
(A)
Benzoic acid and glycine
4
Which reaction is involved in the formation of mercapturic acids?
Answer
(B)
Glutathione conjugation
5
Which enzyme is involved in phase II reactions?
Answer
(B)
Glucuronyl transferase
6
Which of the following is the sulfur donor for detoxification reactions?
Answer
(B)
PAPS
7
All of the following are detoxifying agents, except:
Answer
(D)
Glycogen
8
What are some of the compounds that form glucuronide conjugates?
Answer
A
B
C
9
Which compounds are detoxified by Acetylation?
Answer
A
B
C
10
Where does the cytochrome P450 enzyme act?
Answer
(C)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
11
Which compound acts as the methyl donor in conjugation by methylation?
Answer
(B)
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)
12
Which phase is characterized by conjugation reactions?
Answer
(B)
Phase II
13
Hydroxylation is performed by what enzyme?
Answer
(A)
Monooxygenase
14
Which of the following is associated with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Answer
(B)
Cytochrome P450
15
Which of the following is not a substrate of MFO?
Answer
(D)
Vitamins
16
Which compound is formed by the conjugation of benzoic acid and glycine?
Answer
(B)
Hippuric acid
17
Which enzyme is involved in glutathione conjugation?
Answer
(B)
Glutathione S-transferase
18
Which compound is used in the treatment of alcohol and is detoxified by hydrolysis?
Answer
(A)
Disulfiram
19
What type of compounds are often detoxified by acetylation?
Answer
(A)
Drugs
20
In what form are the Glutathione conjugates excreted?
Answer
(A)
Mercapturic acid
21
Which of the following reactions is NOT a phase I reaction?
Answer
(D)
Conjugation
22
What are the main types of phase I reactions?
Answer
A
B
C
23
Which functional group is commonly added during Phase I reactions to increase polarity?
Answer
(B)
Hydroxyl
24
Which type of reaction is less common in Phase I reactions?
Answer
(B)
Reduction
25
Which of the following describes the main purpose of the biotransformation process?
Answer
(C)
To convert lipophilic, nonpolar compounds to more polar, water-soluble forms.
26
Which is the principal organ for detoxification?
Answer
(B)
Liver
27
Which of the following is NOT a common type of Phase II reaction?
Answer
(D)
Oxidation
28
Which reaction can be catalyzed by cytochrome P450?
Answer
(A)
Hydroxylation
29
What is the main function of Phase I reactions?
Answer
(A)
To make xenobiotics more water-soluble
30
What enzyme family is involved in the hydroxylation of foreign compounds?
Answer
(B)
Monooxygenases
31
What is the general reaction of conjugation with Glucuronic acid?
Answer
A
B
32
Which of the following is used in conjugation by methylation?
Answer
(A)
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)
33
Which of the following does not get detoxified via conjugation with thiosulfate?
Answer
(D)
None of the above
34
What is the role of British antilewisite (BAL) in detoxification?
Answer
(A)
As an antidote for heavy metals
35
Which of the following is NOT involved in Phase I reactions?
Answer
(D)
Conjugation
36
Phase I reactions mainly involve:
Answer
(D)
All of the above
37
Which of the following is a common example of conjugation with Glycine?
Answer
(A)
Conjugation of benzoic acid
38
Which reaction is less common than oxidation in Phase I reactions?
Answer
(B)
Reduction
39
All of the following compounds are detoxified by sulfation, except:
Answer
(D)
Benzoic acid
40
Which of the following is a common conjugating agent?
Answer
(D)
All the above
41
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Phase II reactions?
Answer
(D)
Involve oxidation
42
What is a key process in Phase II reactions?
Answer
(B)
Conjugation
43
Which enzyme is involved in glucuronidation?
Answer
(A)
Glucuronyl transferase
44
The enzyme which catalyzes conjugation reactions is:
Answer
(A)
UDP-glucuronyl transferase
45
What is the function of the microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes?
Answer
(A)
Hydroxylate xenobiotics
46
Which of the following is true about the epoxide formed in phase I oxidation?
Answer
A
B
47
Toxic cyanides are conjugated with:
Answer
(D)
Thiosulfate
48
Which of the following is an example of a drug detoxified by Acetylation?
Answer
(A)
Sulfanilamide (sulla drug)
49
What type of compound is typically detoxified by the conjugation with thiosulfate?
Answer
(B)
Cyanides
50
What is the role of a substrate in Xenobiotic metabolism?
Answer
(B)
To be acted upon by the enzymes involved.