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Essential Biochemistry - Carbohydrate Metabolism (Section 6)

1
The primary reason why red blood cells (RBCs) are vulnerable in G6PD deficiency is:
Answer
(B)
Dependence on PPP for NADPH
2
What metabolic condition results from a deficiency in fructokinase?
Answer
(A)
Fructosuria
3
What is the role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase?
Answer
(C)
To produce NADPH in the pentose phosphate pathway
4
A deficiency of aldolase B can cause:
Answer
(B)
Fructose intolerance
5
What is the role of phosphorylase kinase in glycogen metabolism?
Answer
(C)
It phosphorylates and activates glycogen phosphorylase.
6
Which of the following is an activator of phosphofructokinase-1?
Answer
(D)
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate
7
Fructosuria is caused by a deficiency of which enzyme?
Answer
(A)
Fructokinase
8
What is the normal range for fasting blood glucose?
Answer
(B)
70-100 mg/dL
9
In which cellular compartment does gluconeogenesis primarily occur?
Answer
(A)
Cytosol
10
Which of the following are characteristics of Von Gierke's disease?
Answer
A
B
C
11
Which of the following is a characteristic of facilitative transport?
Answer
(C)
It uses carrier proteins.
12
What are the key hormones involved in the regulation of glycogenolysis and glycogenesis?
Answer
A
B
C
13
Which enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of glycogen?
Answer
(B)
Glycogen synthase
14
Which of the following is a feature of the transport of glucose in the intestine?
Answer
(B)
Active transport with Na+
15
What is the function of amylase in digestion?
Answer
(C)
To break down starch.
16
Which enzyme deficiency leads to the most common form of galactosaemia?
Answer
(B)
Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase
17
What is the first committed step in gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(A)
Conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate
18
What is the function of NADPH in red blood cells?
Answer
(B)
Protecting against oxidative stress
19
In what organ does fructose metabolism primarily occur?
Answer
(A)
Liver
20
Which enzyme plays a crucial role in the metabolism of fructose?
Answer
(A)
Fructokinase
21
Which molecule is directly involved in creating the branch points in glycogen?
Answer
(C)
Branching enzyme
22
Which of the following enzymes is involved in the digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine?
Answer
(A)
Amylase
23
Gluconeogenesis occurs mainly in
Answer
(B)
liver and kidney
24
What is the primary consequence of fructokinase deficiency?
Answer
(B)
Fructosuria
25
What is the term for the presence of glucose in the urine?
Answer
(C)
Glycosuria
26
In what organ does most fructose metabolism occur?
Answer
(A)
Liver
27
What is the first committed step in glycolysis?
Answer
(B)
Fructose-6-phosphate to Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
28
Which of the following enzymes are essential for the synthesis of glycogen?
Answer
(A)
Glycogen synthase
29
Which enzyme deficiency is associated with hemolytic anemia?
Answer
(B)
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
30
What are the main roles of the pentose phosphate pathway?
Answer
A
B
31
What would be the main effect of a high level of Glucagon on blood glucose levels?
Answer
(B)
Raising
32
Which condition is associated with the deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase?
Answer
(B)
Von Gierke's disease
33
Which of the following enzymes is involved in glycogen debranching?
Answer
(D)
Debranching enzyme
34
What is the role of the Cori Cycle?
Answer
A
C
35
What is the role of insulin in regulating blood glucose levels?
Answer
(B)
Increases glucose uptake by cells
36
L-Xylulose is reduced to D-xylulose by which enzyme?
Answer
(A)
NADPH dependent reductase
37
G-6-PD deficiency leads to a decrease in:
Answer
(A)
NADPH
38
Which of the following is true of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Answer
(B)
Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
39
What is the primary stimulus for glycogenolysis?
Answer
(C)
High glucagon and epinephrine levels
40
Which of the following processes release CO2?
Answer
B
C
41
Which of the following is an important regulatory enzyme in the citric acid cycle?
Answer
(B)
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
42
What is the main function of the enzyme aldolase B?
Answer
(B)
Break down fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
43
What is the main cause of increased blood glucose in diabetes?
Answer
(A)
Insufficient insulin secretion or action
44
Which of the following is a source of glucose in the body?
Answer
A
B
C
45
The aldolase B enzyme acts on which of the following substrates?
Answer
(B)
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
46
Which enzyme is deficient in the most common form of galactosaemia?
Answer
(B)
Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase
47
Which of the following processes is activated by insulin?
Answer
A
D
48
What are the key enzymes in the Cori cycle?
Answer
A
B
49
The conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to glucose is catalyzed by
Answer
(D)
Glucose-6-phosphatase
50
Which of the following is an allosteric inhibitor of phosphofructokinase-1?
Answer
(D)
ATP