Which of the following steps is bypassed in gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
2
What is the role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase?
Answer
(D)
It generates NADPH in the pentose phosphate pathway.
3
Where is the majority of the glucose-6-phosphatase found in the body?
Answer
(B)
Liver
4
Which molecule serves as a substrate for glycogen synthesis?
Answer
(C)
UDP-glucose
5
What is the primary function of the Cori cycle?
Answer
(C)
To recycle lactate produced in muscle to glucose in the liver
6
What is the main enzymatic defect in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency?
Answer
(A)
Reduced activity of G-6-PD enzyme
7
The enzyme responsible for phosphorylating fructose in the liver is:
Answer
(B)
Fructokinase
8
What is the role of the pentose phosphate pathway in red blood cells?
Answer
(B)
Generate NADPH to protect against oxidative damage
9
Which of the following statements is true regarding the pentose phosphate pathway?
Answer
B
C
D
10
What is the primary function of insulin?
Answer
(C)
Increase glucose uptake
11
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Cori cycle?
Answer
(C)
It involves the conversion of lactate to glucose in the liver.
12
What compound is the precursor for vitamin C synthesis in humans?
Answer
(A)
L-galactose
13
In the muscle and the liver, insulin stimulates glycogenesis by stimulating glycogen synthase and leads leading to expression of:
1) Glucagon
Answer
(B)
Glycogenesis
14
Which of the following is a product of glycogenolysis?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
15
Which enzymes are key regulatory enzymes for the breakdown of glycogen?
Answer
A
D
16
Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate?
Answer
(B)
Pyruvate carboxylase
17
Which enzyme converts glucose-6-phosphate to glucose?
Answer
(C)
Glucose-6-phosphatase
18
Which of the following enzymes is activated by glucagon?
Answer
(B)
Glycogen phosphorylase
19
What type of bond does glycogen phosphorylase cleave?
Answer
(B)
α-1,4
20
Which enzyme, if deficient, is commonly associated with hemolytic anemia?
Answer
(B)
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
21
What is the effect of insulin on glycogen metabolism?
Answer
A
B
22
Which of the following molecules are involved in the regulation of the Citric Acid Cycle?
Answer
A
B
C
D
23
The conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate in gluconeogenesis requires which of the following?
Answer
(A)
ATP
24
Which of the following is a key symptom of diabetes?
Answer
(A)
Polyuria
25
What disease is characterized by the accumulation of glycogen with abnormal structure, due to a deficiency of the branching enzyme?
Answer
(C)
Anderson disease
26
The primary metabolic site for fructose utilization is the:
Answer
(A)
Liver
27
Where does the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA take place?
Answer
(B)
Mitochondrial matrix
28
Which of the following are the major regulators of glycogenolysis and glycogenesis?
Answer
A
B
C
29
Which of the following is a product of glycogenolysis?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
30
Which of the following is the cause of Von Gierke's disease?
Answer
(B)
Deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase
31
What molecule is the most important allosteric regulator of glycogen phosphorylase in the muscle?
Answer
(B)
AMP
32
Which enzyme is deficient in G-6-PD deficiency?
Answer
(B)
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
33
Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for increasing blood glucose levels?
Answer
(B)
Glucagon
34
Which of the following is a major end product of the Citric Acid Cycle?
Answer
(D)
CO2
35
Which of the following is a key substrate for gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(B)
Lactate
36
What symptom is characteristic of diabetes?
Answer
(B)
Polyuria
37
Which of the following is/are the products of the pentose phosphate pathway?
Answer
A
B
38
What is the role of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD)?
Answer
(C)
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
39
Which of the following is NOT a key enzyme in glycolysis?
Answer
(D)
Glucose-6-phosphatase
40
What is a common symptom of diabetes mellitus?
Answer
(B)
Polydipsia
41
The activity of this enzyme is regulated by cellular concentrations of NADP+/NADPH in a competitive inhibition of the enzyme G-6-PD. An increased concentration of NADPH decreases the activity of G-6-PD. For example:
Answer
(D)
Under anabolic condition, the level of NADPH increases and pentose phosphate pathway to stimulate.
42
In the case of G6PD deficiency, why are red blood cells (RBCs) particularly susceptible to damage?
Answer
(B)
RBCs rely on the pentose phosphate pathway for NADPH production
43
What is the role of UDP-glucose in glycogen synthesis?
Answer
(C)
It is the activated form of glucose that donates glucose residues to the growing glycogen chain
44
Which of the following is a characteristic of the pentose phosphate pathway?
Answer
(B)
It produces NADPH
45
What is the role of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase?
Answer
(B)
To dephosphorylate fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
46
What type of bond does the debranching enzyme cleave?
Answer
(B)
α-1,6 glycosidic bonds
47
What would you expect to see in a patient with diabetes mellitus in terms of blood glucose levels?
Answer
(C)
Hyperglycemia
48
Which molecule is a key product of the pentose phosphate pathway and is important for reducing oxidative stress?
Answer
(B)
NADPH
49
What is the most significant outcome of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency?
Answer
(B)
Hemolytic anemia
50
Which of the following statements correctly describe the role of glucagon?
