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Biology for IGCSE & O level - Inheritance (Section 10)

1
What are the main differences between DNA and RNA? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
B
2
What is the term for the observable characteristics of an organism?
Answer
(B)
Phenotype
3
Which type of cell division results in four genetically different daughter cells?
Answer
(C)
Meiosis
4
Which of the following describes the inheritance of a sex-linked trait?
Answer
B
C
D
5
Which of the following processes is/are essential for cell division? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
B
C
D
6
What is the function of a pedigree diagram?
Answer
(C)
To trace the inheritance of a trait through generations.
7
In a human cell, how many pairs of chromosomes are there?
Answer
(A)
23
8
What is the primary purpose of DNA replication?
Answer
(C)
To make identical copies of the cell's DNA.
9
What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
Answer
(B)
To carry the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes.
10
What is the name given to the structure that contains two sister chromatids?
Answer
(A)
A chromosome
11
Which term best describes the situation when the effects of multiple genes combine to determine a single phenotype?
Answer
(C)
Polygenic inheritance
12
During which phase of meiosis does homologous chromosome pairing and crossing over occur?
Answer
(A)
Prophase I
13
What type of cell division produces gametes?
Answer
(C)
Meiosis
14
Which of the following events is NOT directly related to sexual reproduction?
Answer
(B)
Growth and division
15
Which of the following contributes to genetic variation during sexual reproduction? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
B
16
Which of the following is a characteristic of a Y-linked trait?
Answer
(B)
It is only expressed in males.
17
Which of the following best describes the relationship between genes and chromosomes?
Answer
(B)
Chromosomes are made of genes.
18
Which of the following statements describes a difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Answer
(B)
Mitosis creates diploid cells; Meiosis creates haploid cells.
19
What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?
Answer
(B)
To carry the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome.
20
Which process results in cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?
Answer
(C)
Meiosis
21
Which of the following processes contribute to genetic variation? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
B
22
Which of the following events occur during prophase of mitosis? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
B
D
23
What would be the result if cytokinesis did not occur after mitosis?
Answer
A
B
24
Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
Answer
(B)
tRNA
25
Which of the following is/are true about genes and chromosomes?
Answer
A
B
C
26
If a man with hemophilia (an X-linked recessive disorder) has children with a woman who is a carrier, what is the probability that their daughter will have hemophilia?
Answer
(B)
25%
27
What does the term "carrier" mean in genetics?
Answer
(C)
An individual who carries a recessive allele but does not express the trait.
28
Which of the following are true about dominant alleles?
Answer
A
D
29
During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope reform?
Answer
(D)
Telophase
30
What is the main purpose of a Punnett square?
Answer
(B)
To predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring.
31
During what stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?
Answer
(A)
Prophase I
32
Which of the following are components of a DNA nucleotide? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
B
C
33
What does the term 'haploid' refer to?
Answer
(A)
A cell with half the number of chromosomes.
34
Which of the following is an example of multiple alleles?
Answer
(A)
Human blood types
35
Which stage of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes aligning along the metaphase plate?
Answer
(B)
Metaphase
36
Which of the following processes occurs during the S phase of interphase?
Answer
(B)
DNA replication
37
What is the significance of the double helix structure of DNA?
Answer
(A)
It allows for efficient replication.
38
What does the notation XX represent?
Answer
(B)
Female
39
What is the role of the nuclear envelope during cell division?
Answer
(A)
To protect the DNA
40
What are the processes that contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?
Answer
B
C
D
41
What is the term for the process in which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material?
Answer
(B)
Crossing over
42
What is the expected genotypic ratio of offspring from a cross between a homozygous dominant individual and a heterozygous individual (e.g., AA x Aa)?
Answer
(D)
4:0
43
What are the possible genotypes for a person with blood type A?
Answer
A
D
44
What is the role of the stop codon?
Answer
(B)
To signal the end of translation.
45
If a trait is X-linked recessive, who can express the phenotype?
Answer
(C)
Both males and females
46
Which of the following are the roles of proteins in the body? (Select all that apply)
Answer
A
B
C
47
What is the purpose of crossing over during meiosis?
Answer
(C)
To create genetic variation.
48
In what part of the cell does translation occur?
Answer
(C)
Cytoplasm
49
What happens to the number of chromosomes during meiosis?
Answer
(C)
The number is halved.
50
What is the purpose of the testcross?
Answer
(A)
To determine if an individual is homozygous or heterozygous for a dominant trait.