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Biology for IGCSE & O level - Human Nutrition (Section 8)

1
What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?
Answer
(B)
To regulate the passage of chyme into the duodenum.
2
What type of muscle is found in the walls of the oesophagus?
Answer
(C)
Both skeletal and smooth muscle
3
Which of the following are the consequences of nutrient deficiency?
Answer
A
B
C
D
4
What is the main reason for chewing food?
Answer
(C)
To increase surface area
5
What is the function of the gums?
Answer
(B)
To hold the teeth in place and protect them.
6
Which nutrient is essential for the formation of red blood cells?
Answer
(C)
Iron
7
What is the main function of the lacteals in the small intestine?
Answer
(B)
To absorb fats
8
Which of the following best describes the role of mucus in the digestive system?
Answer
(B)
To lubricate the passage of food.
9
What is the role of the pyloric sphincter?
Answer
(B)
To control the movement of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine.
10
Which of the following is the location where waste is stored before elimination?
Answer
(D)
Rectum
11
Which of the following best describes the role of bile?
Answer
(B)
To emulsify fats.
12
Which of the following are components of gastric juice?
Answer
A
C
D
13
Which of the following is the result of lack of vitamin D?
Answer
(B)
Rickets
14
What is the role of the circular and longitudinal muscles in the oesophagus?
Answer
(B)
To propel food to the stomach via peristalsis
15
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Answer
(B)
Amino acids
16
What is the function of the enzyme maltase?
Answer
(B)
Breaks down maltose
17
Which type of digestion involves chewing and breaking food into smaller pieces?
Answer
(B)
Physical digestion
18
What is the main function of the oesophagus?
Answer
(C)
To transport food to the stomach.
19
Where is bile produced?
Answer
(B)
Liver
20
During swallowing, the epiglottis functions to:
Answer
(B)
Close the opening to the trachea.
21
What is the purpose of chewing food?
Answer
(C)
To increase the surface area of the food.
22
What does the term 'Basal Metabolic Rate' (BMR) describe?
Answer
(C)
The energy required by body during resting
23
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver in digestion?
Answer
(D)
Absorbing nutrients
24
What is the name of the condition caused by a deficiency of vitamin C?
Answer
(B)
Scurvy
25
What type of teeth are specialized for tearing food?
Answer
(B)
Canines
26
What is the main function of incisors?
Answer
(B)
Cutting food
27
Which features are present in the small intestine?
Answer
A
B
28
Which of the following can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream without further digestion?
Answer
(C)
Vitamins
29
What is the function of the pulp cavity in a tooth?
Answer
(B)
To contain blood vessels and nerves.
30
Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate?
Answer
(C)
Whole grain bread
31
Which of the following is a good source of Vitamin C?
Answer
(B)
Citrus fruits
32
Which nutrient deficiency is most likely to cause anemia?
Answer
(B)
Iron
33
What type of muscle tissue is primarily responsible for peristalsis?
Answer
(C)
Smooth
34
Which of the following is a micronutrient?
Answer
(C)
Vitamins
35
Which food group should form the largest portion of a balanced diet?
Answer
(C)
Grains, carbohydrates
36
What is the role of the stomach in digestion?
Answer
(B)
To churn and mix food with gastric juices
37
Which of the following is a benefit of a high-fiber diet?
Answer
(B)
Lower cholesterol levels
38
What is the name of the substance that the teeth are embedded in?
Answer
(D)
Jawbone
39
Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of starch into maltose?
Answer
(C)
Amylase
40
What is the main function of fats in the body?
Answer
(A)
To provide energy
41
Which of the following is an example of a food that contains a significant amount of 'good fats'?
Answer
(B)
Olive oil
42
What is chyme?
Answer
(B)
Partially digested food mixed with gastric juices
43
Which of the following is a function of water in the body?
Answer
(B)
To regulate body temperature
44
Which of the following organs produces bile?
Answer
(B)
Liver
45
What are the four types of teeth?
Answer
A
B
C
D
46
Which structure prevents food from entering the lungs?
Answer
(C)
Epiglottis
47
Which vitamin is important for healthy skin and eyes?
Answer
(A)
Vitamin A
48
Which enzyme breaks down proteins in the stomach?
Answer
(C)
Pepsin
49
Which part of the digestive system receives food from the mouth?
Answer
(B)
Oesophagus
50
What are the main stages of food processing in the digestive system?
Answer
A
B
C
D