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Biology for IGCSE & O level - Human Nutrition (Section 1)

1
Which vitamins are essential for healthy bones and teeth?
Answer
(C)
Vitamin D
2
What is the name of the enzyme that starts the digestion of starch?
Answer
(B)
Amylase
3
Which of the following is NOT a component of a balanced diet?
Answer
(D)
Processed foods
4
What is the function of the large intestine in the digestive system?
Answer
(A)
Absorbing nutrients and water
5
What is the role of mucus in the stomach?
Answer
(C)
To protect the stomach lining
6
Which of the following are considered essential for a healthy diet?
Answer
A
B
D
7
What is the function of the large intestine?
Answer
(B)
Absorbing water and forming feces.
8
What is the main function of minerals in the human body?
Answer
(C)
Regulating body processes.
9
What structure within the small intestine increases the surface area for absorption?
Answer
(B)
Villi
10
Which food group contains the most protein?
Answer
(C)
Meats and beans
11
Which of the following enzymes is secreted by the stomach?
Answer
(C)
Pepsin
12
Which of the following is NOT a function of the small intestine?
Answer
(C)
Emulsification of fats.
13
Which type of nutrient is most important for energy storage?
Answer
(C)
Fats
14
Which of the following organs produces enzymes that aid in the digestion of all three major food groups (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats)?
Answer
(C)
Pancreas
15
What could cause Vitamin C deficiency?
Answer
B
C
16
Which of the following are symptoms of anemia?
Answer
A
B
C
17
What is the function of the esophagus?
Answer
(C)
To transport food to the stomach.
18
What does the basal metabolic rate (BMR) measure?
Answer
(B)
The energy used when the body is at rest.
19
What type of molecule is broken down into amino acids during digestion?
Answer
(B)
Proteins
20
Which of the following statements are true regarding the small intestine?
Answer
A
B
C
21
Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for the chemical digestion of food?
Answer
(C)
Stomach
22
Which of the following is NOT a role of the stomach?
Answer
(C)
Absorption of nutrients
23
What is the role of bile in digestion?
Answer
(B)
To emulsify fats.
24
What substance neutralizes the acidic chyme entering the small intestine?
Answer
(C)
Pancreatic juice
25
Which of the following is a result of emulsification?
Answer
(B)
Large fat globules are broken into smaller droplets.
26
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of vitamin D deficiency?
Answer
(C)
Healthy teeth
27
What is the main function of the small intestine?
Answer
(A)
To absorb nutrients
28
What is the process of removing undigested food from the body called?
Answer
(D)
Egestion
29
What is the role of incisors?
Answer
(C)
Cutting food.
30
What is the function of the goblet cells in the small intestine?
Answer
(C)
To secrete mucus.
31
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in a balanced diet?
Answer
(B)
To provide the body with energy.
32
Which of the following is NOT a primary source of carbohydrates?
Answer
(D)
Meat
33
Which nutrients provide energy to the body?
Answer
A
B
C
34
What is the function of incisors?
Answer
(B)
Cutting
35
Which of the following is/are absorbed in the small intestine?
Answer
A
B
C
D
36
What is the correct sequence of organs that food passes through during digestion?
Answer
(B)
Mouth -> Oesophagus -> Stomach -> Small intestine
37
What is the function of the enzyme lipase?
Answer
(C)
Breaks down fats.
38
Which of the following is a function of mucus in the digestive system?
Answer
(B)
To protect the stomach lining.
39
Which enzyme initiates the digestion of starch in the mouth?
Answer
(C)
Amylase
40
Which of the following is a consequence of insufficient iron intake?
Answer
(B)
Anemia
41
What is the function of the lacteals in the villi of the small intestine?
Answer
(B)
To absorb fatty acids and glycerol.
42
Which of the following is the primary function of the villi and microvilli?
Answer
(B)
Increasing surface area for absorption
43
Which of the following is/are essential nutrients that the body requires in order to function properly?
Answer
A
B
C
D
44
Which type of tooth is best suited for cutting food?
Answer
(D)
Incisors
45
Which of the following are considered macronutrients?
Answer
A
C
46
What is the name of the valve that controls the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine?
Answer
(B)
Pyloric sphincter
47
Which part of the digestive system does the chyme enter after leaving the stomach?
Answer
(B)
Duodenum
48
Which part of the digestive system does NOT directly participate in the absorption of nutrients?
Answer
(D)
Esophagus
49
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach?
Answer
(C)
Pepsin
50
What is the function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
Answer
(C)
To kill bacteria and denature proteins.