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Biology for IGCSE & O level - Excretion In Humans (Section 3)

1
Which of the following is NOT an excretory product?
Answer
(B)
Glucose
2
Which structure is responsible for carrying the filtrate to the collecting duct?
Answer
(C)
Proximal convoluted tubule
3
What is the function of the Bowman's capsule?
Answer
(B)
To filter blood
4
Which of the following is NOT considered a waste product of metabolism that is excreted?
Answer
(C)
Glucose
5
What is the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the kidney?
Answer
(A)
To increase water reabsorption in the collecting duct.
6
Which component of blood would *not* normally be found in the filtrate entering the Bowman's capsule?
Answer
(D)
Red blood cells
7
What is the significance of the Loop of Henle's length in different animals?
Answer
(A)
Longer loops are associated with greater water reabsorption and more concentrated urine.
8
Which of the following processes is NOT a part of urine formation?
Answer
(D)
Digestion
9
What is the role of the glomerulus?
Answer
(B)
Filtration of blood
10
What is the function of the renal vein?
Answer
(A)
To carry blood with a low urea concentration away from the kidney.
11
Which of the following is a waste product that is excreted by the lungs?
Answer
(B)
Carbon dioxide
12
What structure in the nephron is responsible for the filtration of blood?
Answer
(B)
Bowman's capsule
13
What would happen if a person's kidneys didn't function properly?
Answer
(B)
Urea and other waste products would build up in the blood.
14
Where does urine formation begin in the kidney?
Answer
(C)
Bowman's capsule
15
What is the primary function of the Loop of Henle in urine formation?
Answer
(C)
Concentration of urine
16
In the kidney tubule, which of the following substances is actively reabsorbed into the blood?
Answer
(B)
Glucose
17
What happens to the useful substances that are filtered out of the blood in the Bowman's capsule?
Answer
(B)
They are reabsorbed into the blood.
18
What is the primary function of the urethra?
Answer
(B)
To transport urine to the outside of the body.
19
Which of the following is a function of the kidneys?
Answer
A
B
C
20
What causes the high pressure in the glomerulus that allows for filtration?
Answer
(B)
The afferent arteriole is wider than the efferent arteriole.
21
What is the main difference between excretion and egestion?
Answer
(B)
Excretion involves the removal of metabolic waste, while egestion involves the removal of undigested material.
22
What two major excretory products are produced by the human body?
Answer
(B)
Urea and carbon dioxide
23
Which of the following is the main role of the bladder?
Answer
(B)
To store urine.
24
Which of the following happens during filtration in the kidney?
Answer
A
C
25
Which of the following is NOT reabsorbed back into the bloodstream?
Answer
(C)
Urea
26
What happens to the remaining substances after filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in the nephron?
Answer
(B)
They become urine and are excreted.
27
What is the primary function of the kidney in the human body?
Answer
(C)
To filter blood and regulate fluid balance.
28
Where are the kidneys located in the body?
Answer
(B)
In the abdominal cavity, against the back wall.
29
Which structure is responsible for carrying urine from the kidney to the bladder?
Answer
(B)
Ureter
30
What is the function of the renal artery?
Answer
(C)
To bring blood to the kidney
31
Which vessel carries blood with the lowest concentration of urea?
Answer
(C)
Renal vein
32
Which of the following is the main nitrogenous waste product excreted in urine?
Answer
(D)
Urea
33
What substances are reabsorbed back into the blood in the kidney tubules?
Answer
A
B
D
34
What happens to the filtrate that is produced in the Bowman's capsule?
Answer
(C)
It enters the Loop of Henle.
35
What type of waste does the liver deal with?
Answer
(B)
Urea
36
What are the main components of the filtration membrane in the Bowman's capsule?
Answer
A
B
37
Where does the process of deamination primarily take place?
Answer
(C)
Liver
38
Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of secretion in the kidney?
Answer
(A)
Movement of substances from the blood into the kidney tubules.
39
Which of the following components of blood does the kidney filter out?
Answer
A
B
D
40
What process in the liver converts amino acids into urea?
Answer
(A)
Deamination
41
What substance does the liver break down to form urea?
Answer
(B)
Amino acids
42
Which hormones directly influence the function of the kidney?
Answer
A
C
43
Where does deamination primarily occur?
Answer
(C)
Liver
44
What is the name of the blood vessel that supplies blood to the kidney?
Answer
(B)
Renal artery
45
What is the term for the removal of metabolic waste from the body?
Answer
(C)
Excretion