Quick Biochemistry - Hormone Metabolism (Section 1)

• 1

  What is a function of hormones?

  回答

  (C)

  Impact the production of enzymes
• 2

  Which hormone interacts with receptors inside a cell?

  回答

  (B)

  Thyroxine
• 3

  Which hormone utilizes a cell surface receptor and cyclic AMP as a secondary messenger?

  回答

  (A)

  Antidiuretic hormone
• 4

  Which hormone originates from the anterior pituitary gland?

  回答

  (A)

  Growth hormone
• 5

  From which gland does vasopressin originate?

  回答

  (A)

  Vasopressin
• 6

  How many amino acids are in human growth hormone?

  回答

  (C)

  191
• 7

  What metabolic effect is caused by the increase in blood glucose due to growth hormone?

  回答

  (A)

  Reduced use of glucose by tissues
• 8

  What condition is caused by an overproduction of growth hormone?

  回答

  (B)

  Growth hormone
• 9

  Which substance triggers the release of growth hormone?

  回答

  (B)

  Growth hormone releasing hormone
• 10

  How many amino acids make up the prolactin molecule?

  回答

  (D)

  199
• 11

  A single polypeptide chain of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is composed of approximately how many amino acids?

  回答

  (B)

  39
• 12

  The effectiveness of ACTH in the body depends on which portion of its amino acid sequence?

  回答

  (B)

  24-N-terminal amino acids
• 13

  What hormones does ACTH primarily trigger the release of?

  回答

  (A)

  Glucocorticoids
• 14

  What medical condition is typically linked to an overproduction of ACTH?

  回答

  (A)

  Cushing's syndrome
• 15

  In the context of Cushing's syndrome, a condition associated with tumors in the adrenal cortex, what is a typical outcome?

  回答

  (B)

  Excessive cortisol production
• 16

  ACTH leads to an increase in which of the following substances?

  回答

  (A)

  Cyclic AMP
• 17

  What is the approximate ACTH concentration usually found circulating in the plasma?

  回答

  (B)

  0.1-2.0 m μ/100 ml
• 18

  What is the primary mechanism by which glucocorticoids elevate blood glucose levels?

  回答

  (C)

  Stimulation of pyruvate carboxylase synthesis
• 19

  Which of the following is the most common glucocorticoid present in the body?

  回答

  (A)

  Cortisol
• 20

  The protein primarily responsible for binding cortisol in the bloodstream, also known as transcortin, belongs to which protein group?

  回答

  (C)

  α₂-Globulin
• 21

  The specific location where cortisol is produced is the

  回答

  (A)

  Zona fasiculata
• 22

  All steroid hormones in mammals are derived from

  回答

  (C)

  Cholesterol
• 23

  A substance that effectively hinders the creation of steroid hormones is

  回答

  (A)

  Aminoglutethimide
• 24

  Within the adrenal gland, cholesterol is primarily stored in

  回答

  (B)

  Mostly in esterified form
• 25

  Aldosterone production takes place in the

  回答

  (C)

  Zona glomerulosa
• 26

  During cortisol synthesis, the correct order of the involved enzymes is

  回答

  (A)

  Hydroxylase-dehydrogenase + isomerase - hydroxylase
• 27

  A deficiency in which adrenal cortex process causes a lack of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids?

  回答

  (C)

  C-21 hydroxylase deficiency
• 28

  The enzyme complex 3-β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and A5,4 isomerase converts the weak androgen DHEA into

  回答

  (A)

  Androstenedione
• 29

  In a state of rest, the normal concentration of cortisol in plasma ranges from

  回答

  (C)

  5.0-15.0 µg/100 ml
• 30

  The primary function of aldosterone is to

  回答

  (A)

  Increase the rate of tubular reabsorption of sodium
• 31

  Which factor strongly encourages aldosterone secretion?

  回答

  (C)

  High potassium levels
• 32

  Within the renin-angiotensin system, which is the main hormone?

  回答

  (C)

  Angiotensin II
• 33

  What triggers the release of aldosterone?

  回答

  (C)

  Angiotensin II
• 34

  In the process of creating Angiotensin I, renin interacts with Angiotensinogen and cuts at the

  回答

  (A)

  Leucine-leucine spot
• 35

  Where are catecholamine hormones produced?

  回答

  (A)

  Chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla
• 36

  What are catecholamine hormones chemically classified as?

  回答

  (A)

  3, 4-Dihydroxy derivatives of phenylethylamine
• 37

  What is the correct order of steps to transform tyrosine into epinephrine?

  回答

  (A)

  Ring hydroxylation-decarboxylation-side chain hydroxylation-N-methylation
• 38

  Which hormone is crucial for causing uterine muscles to contract during childbirth?

  回答

  (C)

  Oxytocin
• 39

  How many amino acids make up the hormone oxytocin?

  回答

  (B)

  9
• 40

  Vasopressin and oxytocin are not bound to proteins in circulation and have a brief lifespan in plasma, approximately how long?

  回答

  (B)

  2-4 minutes
• 41

  What triggers the process of melanogenesis?

  回答

  (A)

  MSH
• 42

  How many amino acids make up antidiuretic hormone?

  回答

  (A)

  9
• 43

  Which of the following actions is associated with ADH?

  回答

  (A)

  Reabsorbs water from renal tubules
• 44

  What is the primary result of the hormone's secretion that leads to increased water reabsorption in the kidney?

  回答

  (C)

  Vasopressin
• 45

  What effect does a rise in the osmolality of the extracellular space have?

  回答

  (B)

  Stimulate ADH secretion
• 46

  Which enzyme is the primary regulator in the creation of Catecholamines?

  回答

  (C)

  Tyrosine hydroxylase
• 47

  Which hormone is unable to pass through the barrier protecting the brain?

  回答

  (A)

  Epinephrine
• 48

  The concentration of epinephrine in plasma is typically below:

  回答

  (A)

  0.1 ng/ml
• 49

  How is epinephrine quickly broken down by the body?

  回答

  (A)

  Monoamine oxidase
• 50

  What bodily structure is the location of Pheochromocytomas tumors?

  回答

  (B)

  Adrenal medulla