What vitamin is essential for changing phydroxyphenylpyruvate into homogentisate?
Відповідь
(D)
Niacin
2
Which vitamin is necessary for the conversion of folic acid into folinic acid?
Відповідь
(C)
Ascorbic acid
3
What substance can be reduced by ascorbic acid?
Відповідь
(C)
2, 6-Dichlorophenol indophenol
4
Which vitamin is typically depleted in sterilized milk?
Відповідь
(C)
Vitamin C
5
What condition results from a lack of a specific vitamin?
Відповідь
(D)
Vitamin C
6
Both Wernicke's disease and beriberi can be treated with the administration of which vitamin?
Відповідь
(B)
Thiamin
7
What is a consequence of a lack of Vitamin B₁?
Відповідь
(C)
Beriberi
8
Which vitamin's deficiency leads to elevated levels of pyruvic and lactic acid in the blood?
Відповідь
(A)
Thiamin
9
The coenzyme TPP, derived from which vitamin, is crucial for what process?
Відповідь
(A)
Oxidative decarboxylation
10
An increase in glucose intake necessitates a greater dietary intake of which vitamin?
Відповідь
(D)
Thiamin
11
In an alkaline solution, what substance is used to convert thiamin to thiochrome through oxidation?
Відповідь
(B)
Potassium ferricyanide
12
Riboflavin acts as a coenzyme in reactions catalyzed by which of the following enzymes?
Відповідь
(B)
Acyl CoA dehydrogenase
13
What is the approximate daily riboflavin intake, in milligrams, recommended for adults?
Відповідь
(B)
1.2-1.7
14
Which vitamin deficiency can result in hyperbilirubinemia in newborns undergoing phototherapy?
Відповідь
(B)
Riboflavin
15
Which of the following conditions is a consequence of riboflavin deficiency?
Відповідь
(A)
Cheilosis
16
What vitamin deficiency is associated with a magenta-colored tongue?
Відповідь
(A)
Riboflavin
17
Which vitamin deficiency is linked to corneal vascularization?
Відповідь
(B)
B2
18
Which of the following is known as the pellagra-preventing factor?
Відповідь
(C)
Niacin
19
Pellagra is a condition that arises from a deficiency of which vitamin?
Відповідь
(D)
Niacin
20
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is derived from which of the following?
Відповідь
(A)
Pyridine
21
What is the starting material for niacin production within the human body?
Відповідь
(A)
Tryptophan
22
Which of the following amino acids is typically lacking in the proteins found in corn?
Відповідь
(C)
Tryptophan
23
In what form is niacin typically found in corn?
Відповідь
(C)
Niacytin
24
Approximately how much tryptophan is needed to produce 1 mg of niacin in the body?
Відповідь
(B)
60 mg of tryptophan
25
In populations that rely heavily on which of the following grains is pellagra most commonly observed?
Відповідь
(C)
Maize
26
Which type of enzymes utilize nicotinamide as a coenzyme?
Відповідь
(A)
Dehydrogenases
27
What is the recommended daily intake of Vitamin D?
Відповідь
(A)
400 I.U.
28
Which vitamin's structural composition lacks a ring structure?
Відповідь
(A)
Pantothenic acid
29
Pantothenic acid is a key component in a coenzyme involved in which metabolic process?
Відповідь
(C)
Acetylation
30
From which of the following is CoA derived?
Відповідь
(D)
Pantothenate
31
What nutritional deficiency is linked to 'burning foot syndrome'?
Відповідь
(A)
Pantothenic acid
32
Which biochemical process centrally involves pyridoxal phosphate?
Відповідь
(D)
Transamination
33
Which vitamin serves as a coenzyme for transaminase function?
Відповідь
(C)
Pyridoxal phosphate
34
Which medication can potentially lead to a vitamin B, deficiency?
Відповідь
(A)
Isoniazid
35
Which population group is at higher risk of vitamin B, deficiency?
Відповідь
(C)
Alcoholics
36
What vitamin deficiency is assessed using the 'xanthurenic acid index'?
Відповідь
(A)
Pyridoxal
37
What vitamin deficiency has been associated with epileptiform convulsions in infants?
Відповідь
(C)
B
38
Which type of enzyme utilizes biotin as a coenzyme?
Відповідь
(A)
Carboxylase
39
What coenzyme is required for the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate?
Відповідь
(D)
Biotin
40
How is biotin attached to enzymes within biotin-containing enzymes?
Відповідь
(C)
An amide linkage to an amino group of lysine
41
In a carboxylation reaction where biotin acts as a coenzyme, a CO₂ molecule is captured. To which part of the biotin molecule is the carboxyl group covalently linked?
Відповідь
(A)
A nitrogen atom (N₁) within the biotin structure
42
What nutritional deficiency can arise from eating uncooked eggs?
Відповідь
(A)
Biotin
43
Which compound or its derivative is essential for transforming acetyl CoA into malonylCoA?
Відповідь
(D)
Biotin
44
Which cofactor is necessary for the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate?
Відповідь
(A)
Lipoate
45
The core structure of B₁₂, known as the corrin ring system, includes which element?
Відповідь
(A)
Cobalt
46
In vitamin B₁₂, the central cobalt atom is bound to which type of group?
Відповідь
(A)
Cyanide group
47
The complex corrin ring of vitamin B₁₂ is composed of four of what type of rings?
Відповідь
(C)
Pyrrole rings
48
What is the empirical formula of cobalamin?
Відповідь
(D)
C63H88N14O14P.CO
49
A lack of vitamin B₁₂ can lead to which medical condition?
Відповідь
(C)
Pernicious anemia
50
How can a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency be identified through analysis of urine?
