Quick Biochemistry - Hormone Metabolism (Section 6)
1
When catecholamines attach to αadrenergic receptors, what is the effect on intracellular cAMP levels?
Відповідь(C)
Lowers intracellular cAMP
2
Upon binding catecholamines, which receptor initiates the phosphoinositide cascade?
3
Which metabolic process is reduced by the presence of epinephrine?
4
Epinephrine elevates the level of free fatty acids in blood by stimulating which process?
5
Which of the following is not increased by epinephrine?
Відповідь(C)
Glucose production in muscles
6
In which medical condition is catecholamine secretion elevated?
7
What type of hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex's zona glomerulosa?
8
What type of hormone is cortisol?
9
Which hormone is the main mineralocorticoid?
10
Which of the following tissues does not synthesize steroid hormones?
11
What molecule serves as the precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones?
12
Which of the following compounds is a shared component in the production of all steroid hormones?
13
Which compound acts as a shared intermediate in the production of both cortisol and aldosterone?
14
What is a common precursor in the production of estrogens?
15
How are glucocorticoids primarily transported in the bloodstream?
16
Which of the following statements regarding transcortin is false?
Відповідь(C)
It transports aldosterone
17
What is the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids in terms of secondary messengers?
Відповідь(D)
No second messenger is required
18
Which of the following processes is NOT increased by glucocorticoids?
19
Which of the following is NOT a product of glucocorticoid-stimulated synthesis?
20
The release of glucocorticoids is regulated by all EXCEPT:
Відповідь(C)
Feedback control by blood glucose
21
What effect does an overproduction of glucocorticoids have on blood sugar levels, and how is this effect achieved?
Відповідь(C)
Raising sugar levels by stimulating new sugar creation
22
Which of the following substances is *not* primarily regulated by mineralocorticoids in the body's metabolic processes?
Відповідь(C)
A non-metal element commonly found in table salt
23
Mineralocorticoids influence kidney function by boosting the reuptake of which substances from the tubules?
Відповідь(C)
An element found in salt and a non-metal element found in salt
24
Mineralocorticoids influence kidney function by boosting the release of which substances into the tubules?
Відповідь(B)
An element involved in nerve function
25
Which of the following factors stimulates the release of mineralocorticoids?
Відповідь(B)
A protein involved in blood pressure regulation
26
What electrolyte imbalance is associated with Addison's disease, where the body retains too much of it?
Відповідь(A)
An element involved in nerve function
27
In a condition resulting from a complete absence of an enzyme in the adrenal cortex, what are the key hormonal imbalances observed?
28
What is the primary function of spironolactone in relation to other hormones?
Відповідь(C)
It blocks a steroid hormone that controls electrolyte balance
29
Where are androgens primarily produced?
Відповідь(A)
Cells responsible for sperm production
30
Which protein primarily carries testosterone through the bloodstream?
Відповідь(C)
A protein that binds to the male and female sex hormones
31
What are the breakdown products of androgens?
32
Which androgen exhibits greater potency compared to testosterone?
33
Which hormone stimulates the release of androgens?
34
In the later stages of pregnancy, where does the majority of progesterone originate?
35
How is progesterone primarily carried within the bloodstream?
36
What is the primary substance produced when progesterone is metabolized?
37
Regarding progesterone secretion, which statement is accurate?
Відповідь(B)
Is more in second half of menstrual cycle than in first half
38
After menopause, women are at an increased risk of osteoporosis due to reduced levels of which hormone?
39
Which hormone is utilized to confirm a pregnancy?
40
The placenta produces all of the following hormones except:
41
What is the number of amino acids that make up gastrin?
42
In which part of the gastrin molecule is its biological activity found?
Відповідь(B)
C-terminal four amino acids
43
Which of the following is NOT true regarding β-endorphin?
Відповідь(D)
Its effects are not blocked by morphine
44
Which statement about epidermal growth factor is false?
Відповідь(B)
It has a quaternary structure
45
Met-enkephalin is best described as which of the following?
46
Which substance is responsible for the vasoconstrictor effect of ADH?
47
What enzyme controls the speed of catecholamine synthesis?
48
What substance can inhibit Dopa decarboxylase?
49
What inhibits the function of Tyrosine hydroxylase?
50
In which of the following conditions is the urinary excretion of vanillyl madelic acid elevated?
