Biology for IGCSE & O level - Inheritance (Section 6)
1
Which of the following processes is directly responsible for creating genetic variation?
คำตอบ
(D)
Crossing over during meiosis
2
What is the role of a promoter region in a gene?
คำตอบ
(B)
To signal the start of transcription.
3
Which of the following is the correct order of events in protein synthesis?
คำตอบ
(B)
Transcription, Translation, Replication
4
What is the expected phenotypic ratio in a monohybrid cross if the alleles show incomplete dominance?
คำตอบ
(B)
1:2:1
5
Which of the following contribute to genetic variation?
คำตอบ
A
B
C
6
What are the products of meiosis II?
คำตอบ
(D)
Four haploid cells
7
What is the term that refers to different forms of a gene?
คำตอบ
(B)
Allele
8
How many chromosomes are typically found in a human somatic (body) cell?
คำตอบ
(B)
46
9
What information can be derived from a pedigree chart?
คำตอบ
A
B
C
10
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the products of meiosis?
คำตอบ
(C)
The resulting cells are haploid.
11
Which process results in the separation of homologous chromosomes?
คำตอบ
(B)
Meiosis I
12
During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope reform?
คำตอบ
(D)
Telophase
13
Which of the following statements is true regarding the inheritance of autosomal dominant disorders?
คำตอบ
A
B
D
14
Which of the following is an example of a human trait determined by multiple alleles?
คำตอบ
(A)
Blood type (ABO)
15
What is the significance of the F1 generation in Mendelian genetics?
คำตอบ
(B)
It is the result of crossing the P generation.
16
If two genes are located very close together on the same chromosome, what is more likely to happen?
คำตอบ
(C)
Genetic linkage
17
What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?
คำตอบ
(A)
The genotype determines the phenotype.
18
Which of the following is the primary goal of meiosis?
คำตอบ
(C)
Production of gametes.
19
In a situation of incomplete dominance, what is the phenotype of a heterozygote?
คำตอบ
(C)
It is a blend of the two parental phenotypes.
20
Which of the following are directly involved in protein synthesis?
คำตอบ
A
B
C
21
Which process involves the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template?
คำตอบ
(C)
Transcription
22
Which type of inheritance is characterized by the interaction between two or more genes to control a single phenotype?
คำตอบ
(B)
Epistasis
23
Which of the following is true about meiosis II?
คำตอบ
(C)
Sister chromatids separate.
24
In a pedigree, what does a filled-in (shaded) symbol represent?
คำตอบ
(C)
An individual expressing the trait
25
What is the name of the process where a strand of DNA is used to make a complementary RNA molecule?
คำตอบ
(B)
Transcription
26
Which of the following are events in Meiosis I?
คำตอบ
A
C
D
27
What is the role of a ribosome in protein synthesis?
คำตอบ
(C)
To read the mRNA code and assemble amino acids into a protein.
28
Which processes are involved in sexual reproduction?
คำตอบ
A
B
29
What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?
คำตอบ
(B)
It increases genetic diversity.
30
If two genes are linked, what does that mean?
คำตอบ
(B)
They are on the same chromosome.
31
What is the purpose of the start codon in translation?
คำตอบ
(B)
To initiate protein synthesis.
32
What is the diploid number for human cells?
คำตอบ
(B)
46
33
If a woman is a carrier for an X-linked recessive trait, and her husband does NOT have the trait, what is the probability their daughter will also be a carrier?
คำตอบ
(C)
50%
34
If a trait is autosomal dominant, what must the genotype of an affected individual be?
คำตอบ
(D)
Aa or AA
35
What is the function of the anticodon?
คำตอบ
(A)
To bind to the mRNA codon.
36
What is the primary outcome of meiosis?
คำตอบ
(B)
Production of haploid gametes.
37
Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?
คำตอบ
(B)
Flower color in snapdragons (red x white = pink).
38
What are the possible phenotypes resulting from a cross between a homozygous dominant and a heterozygous individual, assuming complete dominance?
คำตอบ
(A)
Only the dominant phenotype.
39
What does the term 'homozygous recessive' mean?
คำตอบ
(C)
Having two identical recessive alleles for a gene.
40
What is the role of the cell plate in plant cell cytokinesis?
คำตอบ
(A)
To form a new cell wall.
41
During which phase of meiosis does synapsis (pairing of homologous chromosomes) occur?
คำตอบ
(A)
Prophase I
42
In incomplete dominance, what will be the phenotypic ratio of offspring from a cross between two heterozygous individuals?
คำตอบ
(C)
1:2:1
43
What process is represented by the phrase "DNA unwinds and forms a long thread"?
คำตอบ
(D)
Decondensation
44
Which type of cell division produces genetically different cells?
คำตอบ
(C)
Meiosis
45
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
คำตอบ
(C)
Mitosis produces genetically identical cells; meiosis produces genetically different cells.
46
What is the relationship between genes, DNA, and chromosomes?
คำตอบ
(B)
Chromosomes are made of genes, which are made of DNA.
47
Which of the following are events that occur during translation? (Select all that apply)
คำตอบ
A
B
D
48
In a situation where codominance is present, what will happen to the phenotype?
คำตอบ
(D)
Both alleles are equally expressed in the phenotype.
49
Which of the following is an example of a phenotype?
คำตอบ
(C)
An organism's observable traits.
50
During what phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
