Biology for IGCSE & O level - Inheritance (Section 6)
1
Which of the following processes is directly responsible for creating genetic variation?
Одговорити
(D)
Crossing over during meiosis
2
What is the role of a promoter region in a gene?
Одговорити
(B)
To signal the start of transcription.
3
Which of the following is the correct order of events in protein synthesis?
Одговорити
(B)
Transcription, Translation, Replication
4
What is the expected phenotypic ratio in a monohybrid cross if the alleles show incomplete dominance?
Одговорити
(B)
1:2:1
5
Which of the following contribute to genetic variation?
Одговорити
A
B
C
6
What are the products of meiosis II?
Одговорити
(D)
Four haploid cells
7
What is the term that refers to different forms of a gene?
Одговорити
(B)
Allele
8
How many chromosomes are typically found in a human somatic (body) cell?
Одговорити
(B)
46
9
What information can be derived from a pedigree chart?
Одговорити
A
B
C
10
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the products of meiosis?
Одговорити
(C)
The resulting cells are haploid.
11
Which process results in the separation of homologous chromosomes?
Одговорити
(B)
Meiosis I
12
During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope reform?
Одговорити
(D)
Telophase
13
Which of the following statements is true regarding the inheritance of autosomal dominant disorders?
Одговорити
A
B
D
14
Which of the following is an example of a human trait determined by multiple alleles?
Одговорити
(A)
Blood type (ABO)
15
What is the significance of the F1 generation in Mendelian genetics?
Одговорити
(B)
It is the result of crossing the P generation.
16
If two genes are located very close together on the same chromosome, what is more likely to happen?
Одговорити
(C)
Genetic linkage
17
What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?
Одговорити
(A)
The genotype determines the phenotype.
18
Which of the following is the primary goal of meiosis?
Одговорити
(C)
Production of gametes.
19
In a situation of incomplete dominance, what is the phenotype of a heterozygote?
Одговорити
(C)
It is a blend of the two parental phenotypes.
20
Which of the following are directly involved in protein synthesis?
Одговорити
A
B
C
21
Which process involves the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template?
Одговорити
(C)
Transcription
22
Which type of inheritance is characterized by the interaction between two or more genes to control a single phenotype?
Одговорити
(B)
Epistasis
23
Which of the following is true about meiosis II?
Одговорити
(C)
Sister chromatids separate.
24
In a pedigree, what does a filled-in (shaded) symbol represent?
Одговорити
(C)
An individual expressing the trait
25
What is the name of the process where a strand of DNA is used to make a complementary RNA molecule?
Одговорити
(B)
Transcription
26
Which of the following are events in Meiosis I?
Одговорити
A
C
D
27
What is the role of a ribosome in protein synthesis?
Одговорити
(C)
To read the mRNA code and assemble amino acids into a protein.
28
Which processes are involved in sexual reproduction?
Одговорити
A
B
29
What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?
Одговорити
(B)
It increases genetic diversity.
30
If two genes are linked, what does that mean?
Одговорити
(B)
They are on the same chromosome.
31
What is the purpose of the start codon in translation?
Одговорити
(B)
To initiate protein synthesis.
32
What is the diploid number for human cells?
Одговорити
(B)
46
33
If a woman is a carrier for an X-linked recessive trait, and her husband does NOT have the trait, what is the probability their daughter will also be a carrier?
Одговорити
(C)
50%
34
If a trait is autosomal dominant, what must the genotype of an affected individual be?
Одговорити
(D)
Aa or AA
35
What is the function of the anticodon?
Одговорити
(A)
To bind to the mRNA codon.
36
What is the primary outcome of meiosis?
Одговорити
(B)
Production of haploid gametes.
37
Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?
Одговорити
(B)
Flower color in snapdragons (red x white = pink).
38
What are the possible phenotypes resulting from a cross between a homozygous dominant and a heterozygous individual, assuming complete dominance?
Одговорити
(A)
Only the dominant phenotype.
39
What does the term 'homozygous recessive' mean?
Одговорити
(C)
Having two identical recessive alleles for a gene.
40
What is the role of the cell plate in plant cell cytokinesis?
Одговорити
(A)
To form a new cell wall.
41
During which phase of meiosis does synapsis (pairing of homologous chromosomes) occur?
Одговорити
(A)
Prophase I
42
In incomplete dominance, what will be the phenotypic ratio of offspring from a cross between two heterozygous individuals?
Одговорити
(C)
1:2:1
43
What process is represented by the phrase "DNA unwinds and forms a long thread"?
Одговорити
(D)
Decondensation
44
Which type of cell division produces genetically different cells?
Одговорити
(C)
Meiosis
45
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Одговорити
(C)
Mitosis produces genetically identical cells; meiosis produces genetically different cells.
46
What is the relationship between genes, DNA, and chromosomes?
Одговорити
(B)
Chromosomes are made of genes, which are made of DNA.
47
Which of the following are events that occur during translation? (Select all that apply)
Одговорити
A
B
D
48
In a situation where codominance is present, what will happen to the phenotype?
Одговорити
(D)
Both alleles are equally expressed in the phenotype.
49
Which of the following is an example of a phenotype?
Одговорити
(C)
An organism's observable traits.
50
During what phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
