Essential Biochemistry - Cancer (Section 1)

1
What is a key difference between benign and malignant tumors?
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(D)
Malignant tumors have lost growth control and can metastasize.
2
What is the name of the gene discovered as the first tumor suppressor gene?
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(B)
RB gene
3
What is the process of programmed cell death called?
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(C)
Apoptosis
4
Which of the following is not a type of cancer:
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(D)
Asthma
5
Which of the following are used as tumor markers?
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A
B
C
6
Retinoblastoma (RB) gene is a:
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(D)
Antioncogene
7
Which of the following is an example of an oncofetal antigen?
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(B)
AFP
8
Which of the following is associated with the promotion of cancer?
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(C)
Saccharin and cyclamates
9
Which of the following statements regarding proto-oncogenes are true, except:
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(B)
They are present only in cancer cells
10
What process converts procarcinogens to active carcinogens?
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(C)
Metabolic activation
11
What is the role of the retinoblastoma (RB) gene?
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(B)
To inhibit cell division
12
Which of the following is an example of a physical carcinogen?
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(B)
UV radiation
13
Which of the following is NOT a use of tumor markers?
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(C)
Predicting a person's lifespan
14
Which of the following is a tumor marker?
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A
B
C
15
Which of the following are biochemical changes which occur in cancer cells?
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A
B
C
16
Which of the following are examples of actions of chemical carcinogens?
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A
B
C
17
Which of the following is an example of a physical carcinogen?
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(A)
UV radiation
18
What type of cancer originates from epithelial tissues?
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(B)
Carcinoma
19
Which of the following is produced in excess when there is an increase in anaerobic glycolysis?
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(B)
Lactic acid
20
Which of the following is a role of the promoter of carcinogenesis?
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(B)
Help the initiated cell to proliferate
21
Which of the following is a protein tumor marker?
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(B)
Ferritin
22
Which of the following is a protein tumor marker associated with prostate cancer?
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(B)
PSA
23
All of the following are the characteristics of cancer cells, except:
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(C)
Function normal
24
Which of the following is a common mechanism of action of direct-acting carcinogens?
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(C)
Damage to DNA
25
What is the effect of ionizing radiation on DNA?
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(C)
Causes formation of free radicals that can damage DNA
26
Which one of the following is not a tumor marker?
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(D)
Paraformaldehyde
27
Which of the following is a key characteristic that distinguishes cancer cells from normal cells?
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(D)
Uncontrolled proliferation
28
What is the role of tumor suppressor genes?
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(B)
Inhibit cell division
29
Which of the following is a type of cancer that arises from mesenchymal tissues?
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(B)
Sarcoma
30
What is the term for agents that can induce cancer?
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(B)
Carcinogens
31
Which of the following is NOT a method used by cancer cells to evade the immune system?
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(A)
Expressing proteins that stimulate immune cells
32
Which of the following is associated with increased risk of cancer?
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(C)
Increased fat and animal protein intake
33
What is the primary function of tumor suppressor genes?
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(B)
To inhibit cell growth
34
Which type of diet is often associated with a reduced risk of cancer?
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(C)
High in fiber and antioxidants
35
Which of the following is a common feature of cancer cells that allows them to proliferate uncontrollably?
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(D)
Suppression of tumor suppressor genes
36
What is the term for a mass of tissue formed as a result of abnormal cell growth?
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(C)
Tumor
37
Which of the following are clinical applications of tumor markers?
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A
B
C
38
Which of the following is associated with reduced incidence of colon cancer?
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(B)
High fiber diet
39
Which of the following is an example of a hormone used as a tumor marker?
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(B)
Calcitonin
40
Which of the following may be a tumor marker for colorectal and gastrointestinal cancer?
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(A)
CEA
41
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer cells?
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(D)
Contact inhibition
42
Which of the following is not a type of tumor marker?
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(D)
Antibodies
43
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer cells?
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(D)
Cellular differentiation
44
Which of the following is an example of an indirect acting carcinogen?
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(C)
Benzo[a]pyrene
45
Which of the following dietary habits is associated with an increased risk of cancer?
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(C)
High intake of red and processed meats
46
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer cells in terms of their growth?
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(C)
Contact-dependent growth
47
Which statement is incorrect about the role of tumor markers?
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(C)
To predict the lifespan
48
Which of the following is a type of RNA oncogenic virus?
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(C)
Rous Sarcoma virus
49
What is the function of reverse transcriptase in RNA oncogenic viruses?
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(B)
To convert RNA into DNA
50
Which of the following is a carbohydrate tumor marker?
Përgjigju
(D)
CA 135