What vitamin is essential for changing phydroxyphenylpyruvate into homogentisate?
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(D)
Niacin
2
Which vitamin is necessary for the conversion of folic acid into folinic acid?
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(C)
Ascorbic acid
3
What substance can be reduced by ascorbic acid?
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(C)
2, 6-Dichlorophenol indophenol
4
Which vitamin is typically depleted in sterilized milk?
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(C)
Vitamin C
5
What condition results from a lack of a specific vitamin?
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(D)
Vitamin C
6
Both Wernicke's disease and beriberi can be treated with the administration of which vitamin?
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(B)
Thiamin
7
What is a consequence of a lack of Vitamin B₁?
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(C)
Beriberi
8
Which vitamin's deficiency leads to elevated levels of pyruvic and lactic acid in the blood?
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(A)
Thiamin
9
The coenzyme TPP, derived from which vitamin, is crucial for what process?
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(A)
Oxidative decarboxylation
10
An increase in glucose intake necessitates a greater dietary intake of which vitamin?
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(D)
Thiamin
11
In an alkaline solution, what substance is used to convert thiamin to thiochrome through oxidation?
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(B)
Potassium ferricyanide
12
Riboflavin acts as a coenzyme in reactions catalyzed by which of the following enzymes?
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(B)
Acyl CoA dehydrogenase
13
What is the approximate daily riboflavin intake, in milligrams, recommended for adults?
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(B)
1.2-1.7
14
Which vitamin deficiency can result in hyperbilirubinemia in newborns undergoing phototherapy?
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(B)
Riboflavin
15
Which of the following conditions is a consequence of riboflavin deficiency?
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(A)
Cheilosis
16
What vitamin deficiency is associated with a magenta-colored tongue?
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(A)
Riboflavin
17
Which vitamin deficiency is linked to corneal vascularization?
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(B)
B2
18
Which of the following is known as the pellagra-preventing factor?
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(C)
Niacin
19
Pellagra is a condition that arises from a deficiency of which vitamin?
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(D)
Niacin
20
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is derived from which of the following?
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(A)
Pyridine
21
What is the starting material for niacin production within the human body?
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(A)
Tryptophan
22
Which of the following amino acids is typically lacking in the proteins found in corn?
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(C)
Tryptophan
23
In what form is niacin typically found in corn?
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(C)
Niacytin
24
Approximately how much tryptophan is needed to produce 1 mg of niacin in the body?
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(B)
60 mg of tryptophan
25
In populations that rely heavily on which of the following grains is pellagra most commonly observed?
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(C)
Maize
26
Which type of enzymes utilize nicotinamide as a coenzyme?
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(A)
Dehydrogenases
27
What is the recommended daily intake of Vitamin D?
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(A)
400 I.U.
28
Which vitamin's structural composition lacks a ring structure?
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(A)
Pantothenic acid
29
Pantothenic acid is a key component in a coenzyme involved in which metabolic process?
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(C)
Acetylation
30
From which of the following is CoA derived?
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(D)
Pantothenate
31
What nutritional deficiency is linked to 'burning foot syndrome'?
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(A)
Pantothenic acid
32
Which biochemical process centrally involves pyridoxal phosphate?
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(D)
Transamination
33
Which vitamin serves as a coenzyme for transaminase function?
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(C)
Pyridoxal phosphate
34
Which medication can potentially lead to a vitamin B, deficiency?
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(A)
Isoniazid
35
Which population group is at higher risk of vitamin B, deficiency?
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(C)
Alcoholics
36
What vitamin deficiency is assessed using the 'xanthurenic acid index'?
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(A)
Pyridoxal
37
What vitamin deficiency has been associated with epileptiform convulsions in infants?
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(C)
B
38
Which type of enzyme utilizes biotin as a coenzyme?
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(A)
Carboxylase
39
What coenzyme is required for the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate?
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(D)
Biotin
40
How is biotin attached to enzymes within biotin-containing enzymes?
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(C)
An amide linkage to an amino group of lysine
41
In a carboxylation reaction where biotin acts as a coenzyme, a CO₂ molecule is captured. To which part of the biotin molecule is the carboxyl group covalently linked?
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(A)
A nitrogen atom (N₁) within the biotin structure
42
What nutritional deficiency can arise from eating uncooked eggs?
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(A)
Biotin
43
Which compound or its derivative is essential for transforming acetyl CoA into malonylCoA?
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(D)
Biotin
44
Which cofactor is necessary for the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate?
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(A)
Lipoate
45
The core structure of B₁₂, known as the corrin ring system, includes which element?
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(A)
Cobalt
46
In vitamin B₁₂, the central cobalt atom is bound to which type of group?
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(A)
Cyanide group
47
The complex corrin ring of vitamin B₁₂ is composed of four of what type of rings?
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(C)
Pyrrole rings
48
What is the empirical formula of cobalamin?
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(D)
C63H88N14O14P.CO
49
A lack of vitamin B₁₂ can lead to which medical condition?
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(C)
Pernicious anemia
50
How can a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency be identified through analysis of urine?
