In laboratory settings, what cellular effect is associated with alloxan that can lead to a disease impacting blood sugar regulation?
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(B)
Cell death of the cells producing a specific hormone
2
What is a treatment option for asthma that can provide relief?
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(B)
PGE, and PGE2
3
What is the initial building block for the hormone thyroxine?
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(A)
Tyrosine
4
Which condition is characterized by a limited response from the adrenal cortex?
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(A)
Kwashiorkor
5
What is the typical range for protein-bound iodine levels in blood, measured per deciliter?
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(A)
3-8 mg
6
Prostaglandins are best described as which type of chemical structure?
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(A)
C₂ unsaturated acids
7
Which researcher is not associated with significant contributions to the field of prostaglandins?
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(D)
Kendal
8
In the nomenclature of prostaglandins, what does the numerical suffix indicate?
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(B)
Double bonds
9
What is a key function of prostacyclins in the body?
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(A)
Inhibition of platelet aggregation
10
Another name for vasopressin is?
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(B)
Antidiuretic hormone
11
What substance is commonly employed to stimulate labor?
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(A)
Prostaglandins
12
Which of the following lacks a disulphide bond in its structure?
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(D)
Glucagon
13
Identify the statement that is inaccurate regarding epinephrine's effects on glycogenolysis.
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(C)
Heart
14
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the hypothalamus?
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(A)
Somatostatin
15
Which of the following is not produced by the anterior pituitary gland?
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(D)
Gonadotropin
16
Which hormone is not regulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
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(A)
Aldosterone
17
Which organ favors fructose over glucose for its metabolic needs?
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(B)
Testes
18
Where does the complete synthesis of creatine primarily occur?
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(C)
Pancreas
19
What type of peptide is thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?
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(B)
Tripeptide
20
In the context of the hypothalamo-gonadal axis, which of the following is most closely related to the pituitary gland?
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(C)
Hypophyseal
21
Who discovered the amino acid sequence of human growth hormone and its synthesis method?
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(C)
Chah Holi
22
What is the precursor molecule for ACTH, β-tropin, and endorphins?
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(D)
All of these
23
From which amino acid is adrenaline synthesized?
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(C)
Tyrosine
24
What hormone does corticotropin-releasing hormone directly stimulate the release of?
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(A)
Pro-opiomelanocortin
25
What is the immediate precursor molecule for α, β, and γ endorphins?
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(B)
β-lipotropin
26
What is believed to be the nature of the prolactin-release inhibiting hormone?
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(C)
Dopanine
27
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Cushing's disease?
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(D)
Hyperkalemia
28
How does insulin affect the permeability of glucose in muscle cell plasma membranes?
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(D)
By membrane cruting the hexose carries of intracellular organelles and making them fuse with the plasma membrane
29
Which of the following locations produce somatostatin?
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(C)
Hypothalamus and pancreas
30
Where are insulin-like growth hormones primarily produced?
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(B)
Liver
31
Which substance is commonly elevated in the urine of individuals with pheochromocytoma?
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(B)
VMA
32
Which condition is associated with the chemical pathology observed in aldosteronism?
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(B)
Cushing's
33
Which of the following proteins does not typically bind to thyroid hormones?
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(D)
Haptoglobin
34
What is the primary effect of epinephrine on muscle tissue?
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(D)
Glycogenolysis
35
What is the nature of Reverse T3?
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(B)
Formed from T₁ but has no hormone function
36
Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, plays a role in promoting hypogenesis?
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(A)
Insulin
37
Which single antidiabetogenic hormone effectively counteracts the effects of several diabetogenic hormones?
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(C)
Insulin
38
Which statement accurately describes a physiological process?
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(B)
Insulin increases utilization of glucose
39
What is the precursor molecule used in the synthesis of steroid hormones?
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(D)
Cholesterol
40
What term describes the specific organs or tissues that are targeted by hormones?
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(C)
Target organ/Tissue
41
A specific peptide hormone consists of 32 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 3,600. Which of the following is most likely this hormone?
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(C)
Calcitonine
42
What physiological effect is observed in Cushing's syndrome, a condition related to adrenal cortex tumors?
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(D)
Excessive production of cortisol
43
How would a strong cup of coffee most likely impact the body?
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(C)
Enhance the effects of epinephrine
44
What is the primary consequence of increased water reabsorption in the kidney, influenced by a particular hormone?
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(C)
Vasopressin
45
A deficiency of both Glucocorticoids and mineral corticoids could be due to a specific defect within the adrenal cortex. Which of the following defects might cause this?
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(D)
C-a-Hydroxylase deficiency
46
The mechanism of action involving ADP ribosylation is characteristic of which of the following?
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(A)
Cholera toxin
47
From which amino acid is the following hormone primarily derived?
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(B)
Thyroxine
48
How does Insulin regulate fatty acid synthesis?
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(A)
Dephosphorylating of acetyl CoA carboxylase
49
The formation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3) due to hormonal stimulation leads directly to the release of which intracellular messenger?
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(C)
Calcinon
50
What is true about hormone receptors that stimulate cAMP production?
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(B)
are proteins distinct and separate from those that catalyze the production of cAMP
