Biology for IGCSE & O level - Inheritance (Section 7)
1
Which of the following best describes the product of meiosis II?
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(D)
Four haploid cells
2
During which stage of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?
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(B)
Anaphase II
3
If a woman has a dominant trait and her partner does not, what can be said about the phenotype of the children?
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(C)
Some children will have the trait.
4
What is the function of the start codon in translation?
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(B)
To initiate protein synthesis.
5
If a woman has a colorblind son, and her husband has normal vision, what must be the woman's genotype, assuming that colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait?
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(C)
XBXb
6
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
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(B)
To bring amino acids to the ribosomes.
7
Which of the following statements are true about alleles?
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A
D
8
Which statements are true about recessive alleles?
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A
D
9
During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes first become visible?
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(A)
Prophase
10
What type of inheritance results in a blended phenotype?
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(C)
Incomplete dominance
11
What type of cell division is involved in the growth and repair of the body?
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(C)
Mitosis
12
Which of the following processes is responsible for creating new combinations of alleles in offspring?
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(C)
Crossing over
13
Which of the following occurs during interphase?
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(B)
DNA replication
14
In a dihybrid cross involving two unlinked genes, what is the expected phenotypic ratio for the offspring of two heterozygous parents (AaBb x AaBb)?
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(A)
9:3:3:1
15
Which of the following are characteristics of meiosis?
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A
C
16
Which of the following are examples of a recessive trait?
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B
C
17
How many chromosomes are typically found in a human somatic cell?
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(B)
46
18
In incomplete dominance, what will the phenotype of a heterozygote look like?
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(C)
It will have an intermediate phenotype.
19
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
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(B)
To bring amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
20
How does a cell maintain its size during cell division?
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(B)
By dividing into two daughter cells with similar characteristics.
21
In a pedigree, what does a filled-in symbol typically represent?
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(A)
An individual with the trait.
22
If a heterozygous individual is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual, what percentage of the offspring will display the recessive phenotype?
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(C)
50%
23
What is the difference between the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment?
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(B)
The law of segregation applies to a single trait, while the law of independent assortment applies to multiple traits.
24
What is the relationship between the alleles in cases of incomplete dominance?
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(C)
Neither allele is completely dominant.
25
What is the function of a gene?
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(B)
To code for a specific protein.
26
What is a gene mutation?
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(A)
A change in the DNA sequence.
27
What is the role of the stop codon in translation?
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(C)
To signal the end of translation.
28
In the context of genetics, what does the term 'allele' refer to?
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(B)
An alternative form of a gene.
29
Which of the following are directly involved in the process of translation? (Select all that apply)
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A
B
C
30
What is the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes?
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C
D
31
Which of the following processes occur during prophase I of meiosis?
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(B)
Homologous chromosomes pair up.
32
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
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(B)
Storing genetic information
33
What is the ploidy of the cells at the end of Meiosis II?
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(A)
Haploid
34
What is the role of the spindle fibers in meiosis?
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(B)
To separate homologous chromosomes.
35
What does the term "homozygous" refer to?
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(B)
Having two identical alleles for a trait.
36
What is the role of homologous chromosomes in meiosis?
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(B)
To carry the same genes, though possibly different alleles.
37
How many cell divisions occur during meiosis?
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(B)
2
38
Which of the following is/are true about the structure of DNA? (Select all that apply)
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C
D
39
What is the term for a gene that is located on a sex chromosome?
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(B)
Sex-linked
40
What is the probability of two heterozygous parents (Bb x Bb) producing a homozygous recessive offspring?
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(B)
25%
41
What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?
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(B)
It creates genetic variation.
42
What determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein?
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(B)
The sequence of codons in the mRNA.
43
Which of the following are examples of a monohybrid inheritance pattern?
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A
C
44
Which process is responsible for the synthesis of a polypeptide from mRNA?
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(C)
Translation
45
Which of the following are stages of mitosis? (Select all that apply)
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A
B
C
D
46
Which of the following is a characteristic of a gamete?
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(C)
It is a sex cell (sperm or egg).
47
Which of the following are required for protein synthesis? (Select all that apply)
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A
B
C
48
Which of the following statements is true regarding the resulting cells of Meiosis? (Select all that apply)
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A
C
49
What is the name for the condition in which one gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits?
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(B)
Pleiotropy
50
Which of the following is true about a cell's genetic material? (Select all that apply)
