Biology for IGCSE & O level - Inheritance (Section 6)
1
Which of the following processes is directly responsible for creating genetic variation?
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(D)
Crossing over during meiosis
2
What is the role of a promoter region in a gene?
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(B)
To signal the start of transcription.
3
Which of the following is the correct order of events in protein synthesis?
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(B)
Transcription, Translation, Replication
4
What is the expected phenotypic ratio in a monohybrid cross if the alleles show incomplete dominance?
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(B)
1:2:1
5
Which of the following contribute to genetic variation?
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A
B
C
6
What are the products of meiosis II?
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(D)
Four haploid cells
7
What is the term that refers to different forms of a gene?
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(B)
Allele
8
How many chromosomes are typically found in a human somatic (body) cell?
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(B)
46
9
What information can be derived from a pedigree chart?
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A
B
C
10
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the products of meiosis?
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(C)
The resulting cells are haploid.
11
Which process results in the separation of homologous chromosomes?
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(B)
Meiosis I
12
During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope reform?
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(D)
Telophase
13
Which of the following statements is true regarding the inheritance of autosomal dominant disorders?
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A
B
D
14
Which of the following is an example of a human trait determined by multiple alleles?
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(A)
Blood type (ABO)
15
What is the significance of the F1 generation in Mendelian genetics?
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(B)
It is the result of crossing the P generation.
16
If two genes are located very close together on the same chromosome, what is more likely to happen?
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(C)
Genetic linkage
17
What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?
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(A)
The genotype determines the phenotype.
18
Which of the following is the primary goal of meiosis?
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(C)
Production of gametes.
19
In a situation of incomplete dominance, what is the phenotype of a heterozygote?
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(C)
It is a blend of the two parental phenotypes.
20
Which of the following are directly involved in protein synthesis?
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A
B
C
21
Which process involves the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template?
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(C)
Transcription
22
Which type of inheritance is characterized by the interaction between two or more genes to control a single phenotype?
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(B)
Epistasis
23
Which of the following is true about meiosis II?
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(C)
Sister chromatids separate.
24
In a pedigree, what does a filled-in (shaded) symbol represent?
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(C)
An individual expressing the trait
25
What is the name of the process where a strand of DNA is used to make a complementary RNA molecule?
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(B)
Transcription
26
Which of the following are events in Meiosis I?
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A
C
D
27
What is the role of a ribosome in protein synthesis?
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(C)
To read the mRNA code and assemble amino acids into a protein.
28
Which processes are involved in sexual reproduction?
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A
B
29
What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?
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(B)
It increases genetic diversity.
30
If two genes are linked, what does that mean?
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(B)
They are on the same chromosome.
31
What is the purpose of the start codon in translation?
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(B)
To initiate protein synthesis.
32
What is the diploid number for human cells?
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(B)
46
33
If a woman is a carrier for an X-linked recessive trait, and her husband does NOT have the trait, what is the probability their daughter will also be a carrier?
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(C)
50%
34
If a trait is autosomal dominant, what must the genotype of an affected individual be?
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(D)
Aa or AA
35
What is the function of the anticodon?
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(A)
To bind to the mRNA codon.
36
What is the primary outcome of meiosis?
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(B)
Production of haploid gametes.
37
Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?
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(B)
Flower color in snapdragons (red x white = pink).
38
What are the possible phenotypes resulting from a cross between a homozygous dominant and a heterozygous individual, assuming complete dominance?
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(A)
Only the dominant phenotype.
39
What does the term 'homozygous recessive' mean?
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(C)
Having two identical recessive alleles for a gene.
40
What is the role of the cell plate in plant cell cytokinesis?
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(A)
To form a new cell wall.
41
During which phase of meiosis does synapsis (pairing of homologous chromosomes) occur?
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(A)
Prophase I
42
In incomplete dominance, what will be the phenotypic ratio of offspring from a cross between two heterozygous individuals?
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(C)
1:2:1
43
What process is represented by the phrase "DNA unwinds and forms a long thread"?
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(D)
Decondensation
44
Which type of cell division produces genetically different cells?
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(C)
Meiosis
45
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
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(C)
Mitosis produces genetically identical cells; meiosis produces genetically different cells.
46
What is the relationship between genes, DNA, and chromosomes?
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(B)
Chromosomes are made of genes, which are made of DNA.
47
Which of the following are events that occur during translation? (Select all that apply)
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A
B
D
48
In a situation where codominance is present, what will happen to the phenotype?
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(D)
Both alleles are equally expressed in the phenotype.
49
Which of the following is an example of a phenotype?
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(C)
An organism's observable traits.
50
During what phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
