Biology for IGCSE & O level - Inheritance (Section 11)
1
What is the sex chromosome composition of a normal human male?
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(B)
XY
2
What is the expected genotypic ratio from a monohybrid cross (Aa x Aa)?
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(C)
1:2:1
3
What does the principle of independent assortment state?
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(B)
Alleles for different traits are inherited independently of each other.
4
What is the name for a diagram that shows the inheritance of a trait through several generations of a family?
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(B)
Pedigree
5
What is a codon made of?
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(C)
3 nucleotides
6
What is the name for the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis?
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(A)
Synapsis
7
Which of the following are true regarding genes and alleles?
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A
D
8
What is the role of the centromere in a chromosome?
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(B)
To hold sister chromatids together.
9
Which of the following is a characteristic of sex-linked traits?
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(C)
They are more common in males.
10
What type of inheritance is most likely to affect males more often than females?
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(D)
X-linked recessive
11
What are the main events of Meiosis II?
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(C)
Separation of sister chromatids
12
What is the expected phenotypic ratio of offspring from a monohybrid cross (Bb x Bb) with complete dominance?
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(B)
3:1
13
What is a monohybrid cross?
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(A)
A cross between two individuals that differ in one trait.
14
Which of the following scenarios could result in the formation of a new allele?
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A
D
15
Which of the following would be the correct genotype for a female carrier of an X-linked recessive trait?
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(D)
XBXb
16
What does the term "carrier" refer to in genetics?
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(C)
An individual who carries a recessive allele but does not show the trait.
17
Which of the following statements are true regarding the inheritance of a trait from the perspective of a pedigree diagram?
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(A)
A shaded shape indicates that the individual has the trait.
18
What does a recessive allele require to express its phenotype?
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(B)
Two copies of the same allele.
19
What is the relationship between genes and chromosomes?
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A
C
D
20
In a pedigree, what shape is used to represent a male?
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(B)
Square
21
What is the process of forming a protein from a mRNA sequence called?
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(B)
Translation
22
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
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(B)
Mitosis produces genetically identical cells while meiosis produces genetically different cells.
23
What are the products of transcription?
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(C)
mRNA
24
In a cross between a homozygous dominant individual and a homozygous recessive individual for a single trait, what is the genotypic ratio of the offspring?
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(D)
4:0
25
If a plant has a genotype of Tt for plant height, what is its phenotype?
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(A)
Tall
26
Which of the following inheritance patterns involves genes located on the sex chromosomes?
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(B)
X-linked inheritance
27
What is a karyotype?
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(A)
A visual representation of all the chromosomes in a cell.
28
Which of the following are characteristics of homologous chromosomes? (Select all that apply)
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A
D
29
Which of the following is NOT a base found in DNA?
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(D)
Uracil
30
Which of the following processes is involved in asexual reproduction? (Select all that apply)
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A
C
31
If a man with normal color vision has a child with a woman who is a carrier for red-green color blindness, what is the probability that their son will be colorblind (assuming colorblindness is X-linked)?
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(C)
50%
32
What is the role of spindle fibers?
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(C)
To separate chromosomes
33
What is the process that produces gametes?
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(B)
Meiosis
34
What type of inheritance is exemplified by the ABO blood group system?
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(C)
Codominance
35
What is the phenotypic ratio expected from a cross between two heterozygous individuals (Aa x Aa)?
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(B)
3:1
36
What is the process in which mRNA is created?
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(A)
Transcription
37
If a trait is autosomal recessive, what is the expected phenotype of an individual with the genotype Aa?
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(A)
The dominant phenotype.
38
What is the function of the spindle fibers during cell division?
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(B)
To separate sister chromatids.
39
Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between DNA, genes, and proteins? (Select all that apply)
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A
B
D
40
What is the genotype for an individual that is heterozygous for two traits? (e.g., seed shape and seed color)
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(B)
AaBb
41
What is the function of a gene?
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(B)
To code for a specific protein.
42
Which of the following is a difference between mitosis and meiosis?
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(A)
Mitosis occurs only in somatic cells while Meiosis only occurs in gametes.
43
What is the probability of getting a child with an X-linked recessive disorder if the mother is a carrier and the father is unaffected?
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(B)
25%
44
Which of the following is an example of codominance?
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(A)
ABO blood type
45
If a woman is a carrier for an X-linked recessive trait and her partner has the trait, what is the probability that their daughter will have the trait?
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(C)
50%
46
If two heterozygous individuals are crossed (e.g., Gg x Gg), what proportion of the offspring will show the recessive phenotype?
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(B)
25%
47
During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate?
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(C)
Anaphase
48
Which of the following statements about DNA is correct?
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(D)
DNA contains the base thymine.
49
If a woman is colorblind and her partner has normal vision, what is the probability of their son being colorblind (assuming colorblindness is X-linked recessive)?
