Biology for IGCSE & O level - Inheritance (Section 10)

1
What are the main differences between DNA and RNA? (Select all that apply)
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A
B
2
What is the term for the observable characteristics of an organism?
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(B)
Phenotype
3
Which type of cell division results in four genetically different daughter cells?
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(C)
Meiosis
4
Which of the following describes the inheritance of a sex-linked trait?
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B
C
D
5
Which of the following processes is/are essential for cell division? (Select all that apply)
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A
B
C
D
6
What is the function of a pedigree diagram?
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(C)
To trace the inheritance of a trait through generations.
7
In a human cell, how many pairs of chromosomes are there?
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(A)
23
8
What is the primary purpose of DNA replication?
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(C)
To make identical copies of the cell's DNA.
9
What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
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(B)
To carry the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes.
10
What is the name given to the structure that contains two sister chromatids?
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(A)
A chromosome
11
Which term best describes the situation when the effects of multiple genes combine to determine a single phenotype?
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(C)
Polygenic inheritance
12
During which phase of meiosis does homologous chromosome pairing and crossing over occur?
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(A)
Prophase I
13
What type of cell division produces gametes?
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(C)
Meiosis
14
Which of the following events is NOT directly related to sexual reproduction?
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(B)
Growth and division
15
Which of the following contributes to genetic variation during sexual reproduction? (Select all that apply)
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A
B
16
Which of the following is a characteristic of a Y-linked trait?
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(B)
It is only expressed in males.
17
Which of the following best describes the relationship between genes and chromosomes?
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(B)
Chromosomes are made of genes.
18
Which of the following statements describes a difference between mitosis and meiosis?
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(B)
Mitosis creates diploid cells; Meiosis creates haploid cells.
19
What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?
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(B)
To carry the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome.
20
Which process results in cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?
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(C)
Meiosis
21
Which of the following processes contribute to genetic variation? (Select all that apply)
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A
B
22
Which of the following events occur during prophase of mitosis? (Select all that apply)
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A
B
D
23
What would be the result if cytokinesis did not occur after mitosis?
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A
B
24
Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
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(B)
tRNA
25
Which of the following is/are true about genes and chromosomes?
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A
B
C
26
If a man with hemophilia (an X-linked recessive disorder) has children with a woman who is a carrier, what is the probability that their daughter will have hemophilia?
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(B)
25%
27
What does the term "carrier" mean in genetics?
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(C)
An individual who carries a recessive allele but does not express the trait.
28
Which of the following are true about dominant alleles?
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A
D
29
During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope reform?
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(D)
Telophase
30
What is the main purpose of a Punnett square?
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(B)
To predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring.
31
During what stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?
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(A)
Prophase I
32
Which of the following are components of a DNA nucleotide? (Select all that apply)
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A
B
C
33
What does the term 'haploid' refer to?
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(A)
A cell with half the number of chromosomes.
34
Which of the following is an example of multiple alleles?
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(A)
Human blood types
35
Which stage of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes aligning along the metaphase plate?
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(B)
Metaphase
36
Which of the following processes occurs during the S phase of interphase?
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(B)
DNA replication
37
What is the significance of the double helix structure of DNA?
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(A)
It allows for efficient replication.
38
What does the notation XX represent?
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(B)
Female
39
What is the role of the nuclear envelope during cell division?
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(A)
To protect the DNA
40
What are the processes that contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?
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B
C
D
41
What is the term for the process in which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material?
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(B)
Crossing over
42
What is the expected genotypic ratio of offspring from a cross between a homozygous dominant individual and a heterozygous individual (e.g., AA x Aa)?
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(D)
4:0
43
What are the possible genotypes for a person with blood type A?
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A
D
44
What is the role of the stop codon?
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(B)
To signal the end of translation.
45
If a trait is X-linked recessive, who can express the phenotype?
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(C)
Both males and females
46
Which of the following are the roles of proteins in the body? (Select all that apply)
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A
B
C
47
What is the purpose of crossing over during meiosis?
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(C)
To create genetic variation.
48
In what part of the cell does translation occur?
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(C)
Cytoplasm
49
What happens to the number of chromosomes during meiosis?
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(C)
The number is halved.
50
What is the purpose of the testcross?
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(A)
To determine if an individual is homozygous or heterozygous for a dominant trait.