Which of the following enzymes does NOT exhibit allosteric regulation?
Răspuns
(C)
Succinate thiokinase
2
Which of the following is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle?
Răspuns
(C)
Pyruvate
3
Which of the following citric acid cycle intermediates CANNOT be derived from amino acids?
Răspuns
(C)
Malate
4
Where does the process of glycolysis take place?
Răspuns
(B)
Cytosol
5
What is the final product of aerobic glycolysis?
Răspuns
(C)
Pyruvate
6
Under conditions of fasting, which enzyme is primarily responsible for glucose phosphorylation?
Răspuns
(A)
Hexokinase
7
Where can glucokinase be found?
Răspuns
(C)
Liver
8
What is the net energy gain (in ATP equivalents) from each glucose molecule in anaerobic glycolysis?
Răspuns
(A)
2 ATP equivalents
9
Which of the listed enzymes is regulated allosterically?
Răspuns
(D)
Phosphofructokinase
10
In which of these locations is glycolysis anaerobic?
Răspuns
(D)
Erythrocytes
11
Which substance acts as an allosteric inhibitor of phosphofructokinase?
Răspuns
(D)
Citrate
12
Which molecule functions as an allosteric inhibitor for glucose-6-phosphate?
Răspuns
(B)
Hexokinase
13
In the context of enzyme regulation, ATP serves as both a co-substrate and an allosteric inhibitor for which enzyme?
Răspuns
(A)
Phosphofructokinase
14
The complete breakdown of a single glucose molecule into carbon dioxide and water generates approximately how many ATP molecules?
Răspuns
(D)
38 ATP equivalents
15
Which unique compound is produced during glycolysis specifically in red blood cells?
Răspuns
(C)
2, 3-Biphosphoglycerate
16
Which enzyme in the given list utilizes inorganic phosphate in its reaction?
Răspuns
(A)
Phosphoglycerate kinase
17
The Rapoport-Luebering cycle is primarily found in which type of cells?
Răspuns
(D)
Erythrocytes
18
Through which intermediate can glycerol enter the glycolytic pathway?
Răspuns
(A)
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
19
The HMP shunt metabolic pathway is present in which of the following?
Răspuns
(D)
All of these
20
Which factor triggers the production of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase?
Răspuns
(D)
Insulin
21
In the HMP shunt, what enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation reaction?
Răspuns
(C)
6-Phosphogluconate decarboxylase
22
What is the initial pentose sugar produced during the HMP shunt?
Răspuns
(B)
Ribulose-5-phosphate
23
Which enzyme plays a regulatory role in the HMP shunt?
Răspuns
(C)
Both (A) and (B)
24
What factors influence the speed of the HMP shunt reactions?
Răspuns
(A)
Increased by Insulin
25
Which nucleotide is essential for the process of glycogenesis?
Răspuns
(C)
UTP
26
What type of bond does glycogen synthetase create?
Răspuns
(A)
α-1, 4-Glycosidic bonds
27
Which hormone enhances glycogenolysis?
Răspuns
(B)
Insulin
28
Which hormone primarily stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver?
Răspuns
(B)
Glucagon
29
What molecule is released from glycogen by glycogen phosphorylase?
Răspuns
(C)
Glucose-1-phosphate
30
Following the action of phosphorylase, what is glycogen transformed into?
Răspuns
(B)
dextrin
31
In which of the following tissues is the conversion of glucose-1-phosphate to free glucose not possible?
Răspuns
(C)
Muscles
32
Which of the following molecules acts as a coenzyme in phosphorylase?
Răspuns
(B)
Pyridoxal phosphate
33
What is the approximate ATP equivalent energy yield if glucose-1-phosphate, produced by glycogen breakdown in muscle, is fully converted to CO₂ and H₂O?
Răspuns
(B)
3 ATP equivalents
34
How many subunits comprise a single molecule of phosphorylase kinase?
Răspuns
(D)
16 subunits
35
To which type of subunit does cyclic AMP bind?
Răspuns
(B)
Regulatory subunits of protein kinase
36
Which of the following cell types relies exclusively on glucose for its energy needs?
Răspuns
(C)
Erythrocytes
37
Where does the glycerol-3-phosphate used to create triglycerides in fat tissue originate?
Răspuns
(D)
Glucose
38
In which organ does gluconeogenesis not take place?
Răspuns
(C)
Muscles
39
From which of the following substances can glucose not be created?
Răspuns
(D)
Leucine
40
Which molecule serves as a coenzyme for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase?
Răspuns
(C)
GTP
41
Which of the following is a therapeutic enzyme?
Răspuns
(D)
Streptokinase and Asparaginase
42
Which enzyme facilitates gluconeogenesis?
Răspuns
(C)
Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase
43
What mechanisms govern the regulation of Glucose-6-phosphatase and PEP carboxy kinase?
Răspuns
(C)
Induction and repression
44
What is the longest possible carbon chain length during de novo fatty acid synthesis?
Răspuns
(A)
16 Carbon atoms
45
From what source is Acetyl CoA derived for new fatty acid synthesis?
Răspuns
(D)
Pyruvate and related processes
46
What enzyme(s) is/are necessary for the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA during fatty acid synthesis?
Răspuns
(D)
All of the listed enzymes
47
Where does the primary elongation of medium-chain fatty acids occur?
Răspuns
(C)
Microsomes
48
Which substance inhibits beta-oxidation of fatty acids?
Răspuns
(C)
Malonyl CoA
49
Which enzyme controls fatty acid synthesis outside the mitochondria?
