Biology for IGCSE & O level - Inheritance (Section 7)
1
Which of the following best describes the product of meiosis II?
Răspuns
(D)
Four haploid cells
2
During which stage of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?
Răspuns
(B)
Anaphase II
3
If a woman has a dominant trait and her partner does not, what can be said about the phenotype of the children?
Răspuns
(C)
Some children will have the trait.
4
What is the function of the start codon in translation?
Răspuns
(B)
To initiate protein synthesis.
5
If a woman has a colorblind son, and her husband has normal vision, what must be the woman's genotype, assuming that colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait?
Răspuns
(C)
XBXb
6
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
Răspuns
(B)
To bring amino acids to the ribosomes.
7
Which of the following statements are true about alleles?
Răspuns
A
D
8
Which statements are true about recessive alleles?
Răspuns
A
D
9
During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes first become visible?
Răspuns
(A)
Prophase
10
What type of inheritance results in a blended phenotype?
Răspuns
(C)
Incomplete dominance
11
What type of cell division is involved in the growth and repair of the body?
Răspuns
(C)
Mitosis
12
Which of the following processes is responsible for creating new combinations of alleles in offspring?
Răspuns
(C)
Crossing over
13
Which of the following occurs during interphase?
Răspuns
(B)
DNA replication
14
In a dihybrid cross involving two unlinked genes, what is the expected phenotypic ratio for the offspring of two heterozygous parents (AaBb x AaBb)?
Răspuns
(A)
9:3:3:1
15
Which of the following are characteristics of meiosis?
Răspuns
A
C
16
Which of the following are examples of a recessive trait?
Răspuns
B
C
17
How many chromosomes are typically found in a human somatic cell?
Răspuns
(B)
46
18
In incomplete dominance, what will the phenotype of a heterozygote look like?
Răspuns
(C)
It will have an intermediate phenotype.
19
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
Răspuns
(B)
To bring amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
20
How does a cell maintain its size during cell division?
Răspuns
(B)
By dividing into two daughter cells with similar characteristics.
21
In a pedigree, what does a filled-in symbol typically represent?
Răspuns
(A)
An individual with the trait.
22
If a heterozygous individual is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual, what percentage of the offspring will display the recessive phenotype?
Răspuns
(C)
50%
23
What is the difference between the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment?
Răspuns
(B)
The law of segregation applies to a single trait, while the law of independent assortment applies to multiple traits.
24
What is the relationship between the alleles in cases of incomplete dominance?
Răspuns
(C)
Neither allele is completely dominant.
25
What is the function of a gene?
Răspuns
(B)
To code for a specific protein.
26
What is a gene mutation?
Răspuns
(A)
A change in the DNA sequence.
27
What is the role of the stop codon in translation?
Răspuns
(C)
To signal the end of translation.
28
In the context of genetics, what does the term 'allele' refer to?
Răspuns
(B)
An alternative form of a gene.
29
Which of the following are directly involved in the process of translation? (Select all that apply)
Răspuns
A
B
C
30
What is the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes?
Răspuns
C
D
31
Which of the following processes occur during prophase I of meiosis?
Răspuns
(B)
Homologous chromosomes pair up.
32
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
Răspuns
(B)
Storing genetic information
33
What is the ploidy of the cells at the end of Meiosis II?
Răspuns
(A)
Haploid
34
What is the role of the spindle fibers in meiosis?
Răspuns
(B)
To separate homologous chromosomes.
35
What does the term "homozygous" refer to?
Răspuns
(B)
Having two identical alleles for a trait.
36
What is the role of homologous chromosomes in meiosis?
Răspuns
(B)
To carry the same genes, though possibly different alleles.
37
How many cell divisions occur during meiosis?
Răspuns
(B)
2
38
Which of the following is/are true about the structure of DNA? (Select all that apply)
Răspuns
C
D
39
What is the term for a gene that is located on a sex chromosome?
Răspuns
(B)
Sex-linked
40
What is the probability of two heterozygous parents (Bb x Bb) producing a homozygous recessive offspring?
Răspuns
(B)
25%
41
What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?
Răspuns
(B)
It creates genetic variation.
42
What determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein?
Răspuns
(B)
The sequence of codons in the mRNA.
43
Which of the following are examples of a monohybrid inheritance pattern?
Răspuns
A
C
44
Which process is responsible for the synthesis of a polypeptide from mRNA?
Răspuns
(C)
Translation
45
Which of the following are stages of mitosis? (Select all that apply)
Răspuns
A
B
C
D
46
Which of the following is a characteristic of a gamete?
Răspuns
(C)
It is a sex cell (sperm or egg).
47
Which of the following are required for protein synthesis? (Select all that apply)
Răspuns
A
B
C
48
Which of the following statements is true regarding the resulting cells of Meiosis? (Select all that apply)
Răspuns
A
C
49
What is the name for the condition in which one gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits?
Răspuns
(B)
Pleiotropy
50
Which of the following is true about a cell's genetic material? (Select all that apply)
