Biology for IGCSE & O level - Inheritance (Section 3)
1
What are some examples of base triplets?
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B
D
2
Which of the following is an example of a human trait that follows Mendelian inheritance?
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(C)
Attached earlobes
3
Which of the following is an example of a sex-linked trait in humans?
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(C)
Red-green color blindness
4
Which of the following would be an example of codominance?
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(B)
Blood type A, B, AB, and O
5
Which of the following occurs during telophase of mitosis?
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(C)
The nuclear envelope reforms around the chromosomes.
6
In autosomal recessive inheritance, an affected individual must inherit:
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(B)
Two copies of the affected gene, one from each parent
7
Which of the following is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?
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(C)
Transcription
8
In humans, the genotype for a female is typically represented by:
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(B)
XX
9
What does the term 'recessive' refer to in genetics?
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(B)
An allele that is only expressed when homozygous.
10
If a trait is X-linked recessive, which of the following statements is true?
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(A)
Males are more likely to express the trait than females.
11
During Meiosis I, what happens to the homologous chromosomes?
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(C)
They separate.
12
Which of the following processes is most directly responsible for the separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis?
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(C)
Independent assortment
13
Which of the following are key functions of proteins in cells?
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A
B
D
14
What is the key event that occurs during anaphase I of meiosis?
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(A)
Homologous chromosomes separate.
15
What is the diploid number in humans?
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(B)
46
16
What is the role of the stop codons in protein synthesis?
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(C)
To signal the end of translation.
17
Which of the following statements about DNA structure is/are correct?
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B
D
18
What is the outcome of meiosis in humans?
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(C)
Four haploid cells
19
Which of the following are types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?
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A
B
C
20
What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?
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(B)
To bring amino acids to the ribosome
21
What is the relationship between genes and chromosomes?
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(A)
Genes are found on chromosomes.
22
Which of the following occurs during Telophase I of meiosis?
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(C)
The nuclear envelope reforms and chromosomes decondense.
23
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
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(B)
Protein modification and packaging
24
What is the name for the process of making an RNA copy of a gene?
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(C)
Transcription
25
What process occurs during meiosis that increases genetic diversity?
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(C)
Crossing over
26
Which of the following are key components of the central dogma of molecular biology?
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A
B
C
27
Which of the following occurs during anaphase of mitosis?
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(C)
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
28
If two genes are located far apart on the same chromosome, what is more likely to occur?
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(B)
Crossing over between the genes
29
In which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
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(A)
Prophase I
30
Which of the following is essential for the process of translation?
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(D)
All of the above
31
In a dihybrid cross, what is the expected phenotypic ratio if both parents are heterozygous for both traits (assuming independent assortment and complete dominance)?
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(A)
9:3:3:1
32
What happens to the chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis?
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(C)
They separate and move to opposite poles.
33
What is the product of transcription?
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(C)
mRNA
34
What are some key aspects of the genetic code?
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A
B
C
35
Which of the following terms best describes the condition where a single gene influences multiple phenotypic traits?
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(A)
Pleiotropy
36
What are the key functions of proteins in a cell?
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A
B
D
37
What is the term for the location of a gene on a chromosome?
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(B)
Locus
38
Which of the following would be the expected genotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross (e.g., Tt x Tt)?
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(B)
1:2:1
39
What does the principle of segregation state?
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(B)
Alleles separate during gamete formation.
40
What is the term for a cell containing two sets of chromosomes?
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(B)
Diploid
41
What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
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(B)
To carry the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome.
42
What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?
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(A)
It carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes.
43
Where does translation occur in a eukaryotic cell?
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(B)
Ribosomes in the cytoplasm
44
In what type of cell does meiosis take place?
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(C)
Germ cells
45
Which processes contribute to genetic variation?
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A
B
46
What does the term 'haploid' refer to?
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(B)
Having one set of chromosomes
47
What type of inheritance pattern results in a heterozygous individual showing a phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes?
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(B)
Incomplete dominance
48
Which of the following would be an example of a polygenic trait?
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(A)
Eye color in humans
49
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between genes, alleles, and chromosomes?
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A
B
50
What process is involved in the formation of mRNA from a DNA template?
