Quick Biochemistry - Water And Electrolyte Balance (Section 1)
1
When expressed as a percentage of lean body mass, the proportion of total body water across different individuals tends to remain consistent, approximating
Answer
(D)
70%
2
Compared to individuals with different body compositions, a lower body water percentage is typically associated with
Answer
(A)
Higher fat levels
3
Approximately how many milliliters of fluid per kilogram of body weight are found within the intracellular compartment?
Answer
(D)
330
4
The fluid volume in the extracellular compartment is approximately how many milliliters per kilogram of body weight?
Answer
(C)
270
5
In dense connective tissue and cartilage, the fluid content is roughly how many milliliters per kilogram of body weight?
Answer
(C)
45
6
In a typical, healthy young adult male, what is the approximate total body water content, measured in milliliters per kilogram of body weight?
Answer
(C)
600
7
The fluid content within bones, which is not easily exchanged due to limited blood vessel supply, is about
Answer
(C)
45 ml/kg
8
During the complete oxidation of one gram of carbohydrate, approximately how many grams of water are produced?
Answer
(D)
0.55
9
The oxidation of 100 grams of fat results in the production of approximately
Answer
(B)
107 gm water
10
Complete oxidation of one gram of protein yields approximately how many grams of water?
Answer
(C)
0.41 gm water
11
Approximately how much total body water is produced daily through the oxidation of food?
Answer
(B)
300 ml
12
What is the approximate daily water requirement for a healthy infant?
Answer
(C)
330-1000 ml
13
For a healthy adult weighing 60 kg, what is the approximate daily water intake recommendation?
Answer
(D)
1800-2500 ml
14
Roughly how much water is lost daily through insensible means in a healthy adult?
Answer
(D)
600-1000 ml
15
Which of the following is the main positively charged ion found in blood plasma?
Answer
(A)
Na+
16
Which of the following is the main negatively charged ion found in blood plasma?
Answer
(B)
Cl-
17
What is the primary effect of Vasopressin (ADH)?
Answer
(A)
Enhance facultative reabsorption of water
18
The enhanced water reabsorption caused by Vasopressin is primarily facilitated by which molecule?
Answer
(A)
Cyclic AMP
19
What is the effect of kinins in the body?
Answer
(D)
Increase both salt and water excretion
20
What is the primary factor that regulates the activity of kinins?
Answer
(A)
Prostaglandins
21
What is a significant factor contributing to water poisoning?
Answer
(B)
Kidney malfunction
22
What is the smallest amount of urine needed to eliminate waste products over a full day?
Answer
(C)
500-600 ml
23
In situations of primary dehydration, which fluid compartment is most affected?
Answer
(A)
Intracellular fluid volume is reduced
24
What is a key cause of dehydration that occurs due to another underlying issue?
Answer
(D)
An intestinal infection
25
What is a notable observation in someone experiencing secondary dehydration?
Answer
(A)
Fluid accumulation inside cells
26
What would a urinalysis show in a case of dehydration resulting from another condition?
Answer
(B)
Low urine concentration
27
Approximately how much calcium is present in the entire human body?
Answer
(C)
1-1.5 kg
28
For a typical adult, what amount of calcium is recommended daily?
Answer
(B)
800 mg
29
What is the usual range for the total amount of calcium in the blood serum?
Answer
(B)
9-11 mg
30
Which element is required in amounts exceeding 100 mg daily for humans?
Answer
(A)
Calcium
31
Which of the following cations is most abundant in the human body?
Answer
(B)
Calcium
32
Approximately what proportion of total body calcium is found in bones?
Answer
(D)
99
33
What percentage of calcium is typically found in extracellular fluid?
Answer
(A)
1
34
Which form of calcium is the one that is actively utilized in bodily functions?
Answer
(B)
lonised
35
What is the typical range of calcium concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Answer
(C)
4.5-5 mg/100 ml
36
Which type of diet is associated with increased calcium absorption?
Answer
(A)
High protein diet
37
Which substance is known to hinder the absorption of calcium?
Answer
(B)
Phytic acid in cereals
38
Which vitamin is known to boost the absorption of calcium?
Answer
(A)
Vitamin D
39
What is the normal range for the calcium-phosphate product (Ca x P) in the blood of children, expressed in mg/100ml?
Answer
(C)
50
40
In individuals with rickets, the Ca x P product (in mg/100 ml) in serum is typically less than which value?
Answer
(A)
30
41
In a human, what is the approximate amount of calcium, in grams, filtered by the renal glomeruli over a 24-hour period?
Answer
(B)
10
42
Approximately what percentage of calcium is eliminated through feces?
Answer
(D)
70-90
43
What is the approximate maximal renal tubular reabsorptive capacity for calcium (Tmca), expressed in mg/min?
Answer
(B)
4.99 ± 0.21
44
What specific renal tubular defect, frequently inherited, is known to cause renal rickets due to interference with the reabsorption of a particular substance?
Answer
(B)
Phosphorous
45
Following surgical removal of the parathyroid glands, leading to hypoparathyroidism, what is the likely minimum concentration of serum calcium?
Answer
(D)
7 mg
46
Which substance serves as a primary cation in soft tissues and bodily fluids?
Answer
(A)
Mg
47
What is the typical concentration range of magnesium found in whole blood?
Answer
(C)
2-4 mg/100 ml
48
Approximately, what is the normal concentration of magnesium in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Answer
(B)
3 mg/100 ml
49
What is the approximate magnesium content found within muscle tissue?
Answer
(C)
21 mg/100 ml
50
Under what dietary condition is the intestinal absorption of magnesium most likely to increase?
