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Quick Biochemistry - Proteins And Protein Metabolism (Section 6)

1
What is the typical range of IgA plasma concentration?
Answer
(C)
60-500 mg/dl
2
Which immunoglobulin is commonly found in bodily fluids like saliva and tears?
Answer
(A)
IgA
3
Which type of immunoglobulin plays a key role in the body's response to allergens?
Answer
(D)
IgE
4
Which of the following immunoglobulins is capable of passing from a mother to her developing child?
Answer
(D)
None of these
5
How many light and heavy chains make up an IgM molecule?
Answer
(D)
Ten light chains and ten heavy chains
6
Which immunoglobulin remains active in the body for the longest period?
Answer
(B)
IgG
7
Roughly, how long does IgG typically remain active in the body?
Answer
(D)
20-25 days
8
What part of an antibody is responsible for identifying a specific foreign substance?
Answer
(B)
Variable regions of light and heavy chains
9
Which part of an antibody is responsible for carrying out the antibody's main tasks?
Answer
(D)
Constant regions of light and heavy chains
10
Which immunoglobulin can trigger the activation of the complement system when it interacts with an antigen?
Answer
(D)
IgM
11
What constitutes the C1 component of the classical complement pathway?
Answer
(D)
Complement proteins 1q, 1r and 1s
12
What process triggers the activation of complement system components?
Answer
(D)
Proteolysis
13
Which components assemble to form the membrane attack complex?
Answer
(D)
Factors B and D
14
What complement pathway necessitates the involvement of Factors B and D?
Answer
(B)
The alternative complement pathway
15
Which of the following elements is NOT a participant in the alternative complement pathway?
Answer
(A)
Antigen-antibody complexes
16
What biological mechanism contributes to the variation observed in antibodies?
Answer
(B)
Gene rearrangement
17
From which segments is a light chain gene constructed?
Answer
(B)
Variable, joining, and constant segments
18
From a metabolic perspective, how are amino acids categorized?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
19
In which type of chain genes are diversity segments found?
Answer
(B)
Heavy chain genes
20
How many distinct types of constant segments are there in heavy chains?
Answer
(D)
Eight types
21
How many variations exist for gamma heavy chains?
Answer
(C)
Four
22
Which immunoglobulin type contains gamma heavy chains?
Answer
(B)
IgG
23
What is the heavy chain type found in IgD antibodies?
Answer
(C)
Delta
24
Which antibody class typically appears first after encountering an antigen?
Answer
(C)
IgM
25
Within the cluster of constant segment genes for heavy chains, which gene is located at the beginning?
Answer
(D)
None of these
26
Which type of cell is primarily responsible for cell-mediated immunity?
Answer
(B)
Tlymphocytes
27
Which type of T cell is most prevalent?
Answer
(B)
Helper T cells
28
What is the mechanism by which T cells recognize antigens?
Answer
(D)
Antigens bound to MHC proteins
29
To whom are MHC proteins distinctive?
Answer
(C)
Each individual
30
Where are MHC class I proteins typically found?
Answer
(D)
All cells
31
What type of immune cells recognize MHC class I proteins and antigens together?
Answer
(A)
Cytotoxic T cells
32
Which of the following cell types typically displays MHC class II proteins on its surface?
Answer
(D)
Macrophages and B lymphocytes
33
What immune cell type recognizes MHC Class II proteins bound to antigens?
Answer
(B)
Helper T cells
34
Where is the CD 8 transmembrane glycoprotein typically found?
Answer
(A)
Cytotoxic T cells
35
In which type of immune cell is the CD 4 transmembrane glycoprotein commonly found?
Answer
(B)
Helper T cells
36
Which type of cell contains the CD 3 complex and p 56kk proteins?
Answer
(C)
Both (A) and (B)
37
What substances are released by Cytotoxic T cells?
Answer
(A)
Perforins
38
Which of the following is secreted by Helper T cells?
Answer
(D)
All of these
39
What is included in the MHC Class III protein group?
Answer
(B)
Components of complement system
40
Which type of cell is targeted and destroyed by the human immunodeficiency virus?
Answer
(B)
Helper T cells
41
During an allergic reaction, which type of immunoglobulin typically shows elevated levels in the bloodstream?
Answer
(D)
IgE
42
Which cell types are known to bind to IgE antibodies?
Answer
(C)
Both basophils and mast cells
43
The antibody primarily associated with allergic reactions is:
Answer
(D)
IgE
44
Which of the following methods can lead to the development of active immunity?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
45
What is a method for achieving passive immunity?
Answer
(B)
Injection of antibodies
46
Which of the following substances is generally NOT released by helper T cells?
Answer
(C)
Perforins
47
How is IgG typically broken down by the enzyme papain?
Answer
(B)
Into two Fab fragments and one Fc fragment
48
Bence-Jones proteins are best described as:
Answer
(C)
A dimer of light chains
49
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Bence-Jones proteins?
Answer
(B)
Their amino acid sequences are uniform
50
A Zwitterion is best defined as which of the following?
Answer
(C)
Both a positive and a negative ion