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Quick Biochemistry - Nucleic Acids (Section 12)

1
Which substance yields a positive result in a Ninhydrin test?
Answer
(C)
a-amino acids
2
What is a gene?
Answer
(D)
A segment of a DNA molecule
3
Where is genetic information stored within a DNA molecule?
Answer
(C)
Purine and pyrimidine bases
4
Which of the following is NOT a component of RNA?
Answer
(A)
Deoxyribose
5
Which of the following are classified as nucleoproteins?
Answer
(D)
All of these
6
What percentage of the total RNA in a cell is comprised of tRNA?
Answer
(B)
10-20%
7
What is the basic unit of genetic information?
Answer
(C)
Cistron
8
Where are anticodon sequences found?
Answer
(A)
tRNA and transcribed DNA strand
9
How is cAMP broken down?
Answer
(B)
Phosphodiesterase
10
Where have restriction enzymes been discovered?
Answer
(C)
Bacteria
11
In which of these compounds is sulfur not a component?
Answer
(C)
Thymine
12
Which cellular component interacts with specific nucleotide patterns?
Answer
(A)
RNA polymerase
13
Given the sequence TGGCAGCCT, which sequence below would be its complement, using the standard base pairing rules?
Answer
(A)
ACC GTC GGA
14
Where can you find ribosomes similar to those in bacteria?
Answer
(A)
Plant nucei
15
Which of these is NOT a similarity in the creation of DNA and RNA?
Answer
(A)
They involve release of pyrophosphate from each nucleotide added
16
Where does template-directed DNA synthesis NOT occur?
Answer
(C)
Growth of RNA tumor viruses
17
Which statement accurately describes DNA in eukaryotic cells?
Answer
(C)
They require a primer 5'→ 3'
18
Which of these genetic changes leads to a frame shift mutation?
Answer
(C)
Deletion
19
What is produced when thymidylate is broken down?
Answer
(D)
β-aminoisobutyrate
20
From what atoms of purine does Glycine provide atoms?
Answer
(B)
C4, C5 and N7
21
What is a shared substrate for HGPRTase, APRTase, and PRPP glutamyl amidotransferase?
Answer
(B)
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
22
Which molecule is the source of carbon atom number 6 in the purine structure?
Answer
(A)
Atmospheric CO₂
23
What is the final breakdown product of purines?
Answer
(A)
Porphyrine
24
What type of molecule is quantified using the diphenylamine method?
Answer
(C)
DNA
25
What type of molecule is quantified using the orcinol method?
Answer
(C)
RNA
26
At which wavelength do nucleic acids exhibit strong absorption?
Answer
(D)
260 nm
27
What structural characteristic does tRNA possess?
Answer
(A)
Clover leaf structure
28
Which of the following provides nitrogen atoms to both purine and pyrimidine rings?
Answer
(A)
Aspartate
29
From which sources are the four nitrogen atoms in purines derived?
Answer
(D)
Aspartate, Glutamine and Glycine
30
What medication prevents uric acid production by blocking the enzyme Xanthine oxidase?
Answer
(B)
Allopurinal
31
Which atoms from glycine are incorporated into the purine nucleus?
Answer
(C)
C4, C5 and N7
32
What is the biological starting point for the synthesis of inosinic acid?
Answer
(B)
Adenylve acid and Glucine floc acid
33
What is the most likely metabolic abnormality in individuals with gout?
Answer
(C)
An overproduction of uric acid
34
What is the primary waste product of purine metabolism in humans?
Answer
(D)
Uric acid
35
Which molecule is crucial for initiating the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway?
Answer
(B)
Carbamoyl phosphate
36
What is the main end product of pyrimidine breakdown in humans?
Answer
(D)
ẞ-alanine
37
In most mammals, excluding primates, what process occurs to uric acid?
Answer
(A)
Oxidation to allantoin
38
From which two sources do the nitrogen atoms in the pyrimidine ring originate?
Answer
(B)
Asparate and Carbamoyl-p
39
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding Lesch-Nyhan syndrome?
Answer
(B)
Genetic deficiency of the enzyme
40
What substances are needed for the synthesis of GMP and IMP?
Answer
(B)
Glutamine, NAD+, ATP
41
What is the proper sequence of molecules in the breakdown of purines leading to uric acid formation?
Answer
(D)
Adenylate Inosinate hypoxanthine Xanthine Uric acid
42
Which of the following does not typically include multiple meanings?
Answer
(B)
DNA
43
During protein synthesis, how many high-energy bonds are broken when a peptide bond is created during the elongation phase?
Answer
(B)
2
44
Which of the following cellular processes requires translocase?
Answer
(D)
Elongation of peptides
45
What is the primary function of nonsense codons in protein synthesis?
Answer
(C)
Termination of protein synthesis
46
In the E. coli Lac operon, which gene produces a protein that is always expressed?
Answer
(B)
The 'i' gene
47
In the process of creating RNA from DNA, what is the direction of information flow?
Answer
(D)
DNA to RNA
48
Which type of RNA molecule contains the anticodon region?
Answer
(B)
tRNA
49
Which part of the Lac operon must be clear for structural gene transcription to occur?
Answer
(A)
The operator locus
50
What is an alternative term for reverse transcriptase?
Answer
(C)
RNA dependent DNA polymerase