Quick Biochemistry - Mineral Metabolism (Section 4)
1
From where in the human body is molybdenum primarily absorbed?
Answer
(C)
Intestine
2
The primary route of molybdenum excretion in humans is through
Answer
(C)
Urine
3
Molybdenum is a component of which type of enzyme?
Answer
(B)
Oxidases
4
What is the recommended daily intake range of chromium for healthy adult humans, measured in milligrams?
Answer
(D)
0.05-0.2
5
Which food group is the best natural source of chromium?
Answer
(A)
Brewer's yease
6
Which metallic element is a key part of the "Glucose Tolerance Factor"?
Answer
(C)
Chromium
7
Chromium absorption in the intestine utilizes the same mechanisms as which other element?
Answer
(D)
Zn
8
Approximately what concentration of chromium is typically found in the serum of a healthy adult?
Answer
(B)
6-20 µg/100 ml
9
Chromium enhances the effects of which hormone?
Answer
(A)
Insulin
10
What is the suggested daily dietary intake of selenium for an adult, expressed in micrograms?
Answer
(D)
70
11
Approximately how much selenium is present in the entire human body?
Answer
(C)
4-10 mg
12
What is a typical concentration of selenium found in blood serum?
Answer
(D)
13 µg/100 ml
13
In which of the following enzymes is selenium a key component?
Answer
(A)
Glutathione peroxidase
14
Which substance functions as a general antioxidant within cells?
Answer
(C)
Selenium
15
Which vitamin incorporates cobalt as an essential structural element?
Answer
(C)
B12
16
Cobalt can act as a necessary element for the function of which enzyme?
Answer
(A)
Glycl-glycine dipeptidase
17
Long-term overconsumption of cobalt may cause which of these conditions?
Answer
(A)
Polycythemia
18
What is the approximate total amount of sulfur in the human body?
Answer
(D)
150-200 gm
19
Which amino acids are primarily responsible for providing sulfur to the body?
Answer
(A)
Cystine and methionine
20
Which of the following is a coenzyme that contains sulfur?
Answer
(D)
Biotin
21
Where in the body is iodine primarily stored?
Answer
(A)
Thyroid gland as thyroglobulin
22
Which of the following hormones or substances contains iodine as a component?
Answer
(A)
T3 and Ta
23
What substance, known for its potential to interfere with thyroid hormone production, is found in cabbage?
Answer
(A)
5-vinyl-2 thio oxalzolidone
24
What is the typical daily iodine requirement for a grown man?
Answer
(A)
25-50 µg
25
What amount of fluoride is generally suggested for daily consumption by an adult?
Answer
(B)
0-1 mg
26
Approximately, what percentage of fluoride is found in healthy bone?
Answer
(A)
0.01-0.03
27
Roughly, what is the fluoride concentration in tooth enamel?
Answer
(A)
0.01-0.02
28
What health issue is linked to excessive fluoride intake?
Answer
(C)
Drinking water containing greater than 1.2 ppm of fluroine
29
What condition is often associated with a deficiency of fluoride in drinking water?
Answer
(A)
Drinking water containing less than 0.2 ppm of fluorine
30
Approximately how much zinc is present in the average human body?
Answer
(C)
2000 mg
31
Which metallic element is necessary for the chemical process that forms insulin?
Answer
(D)
Zinc
32
What is the metalloenzyme related to retinene involved in the insulin-forming process?
Answer
(B)
Zinc
33
Which of the following enzymes requires zinc as a key component?
Answer
(A)
Carboxypeptidase A
34
A condition called acrodermatitis enteropathica is caused by impaired uptake of which element?
Answer
(D)
Zinc
35
What mineral deficiency is associated with the development of hypogonadism?
Answer
(C)
Zinc
36
What element, when inhaled as a poison, can lead to psychotic symptoms and conditions resembling Parkinson's disease?
Answer
(A)
Manganese
37
Approximately how many Calories are produced when one gram of carbohydrate is fully broken down in the body?
Answer
(B)
4 Kcal
38
About how many Calories are produced from the complete oxidation of one gram of fat in the body?
Answer
(C)
9 Kcal
39
When one gram of protein is completely oxidized in the body, approximately how many Calories are produced?
Answer
(B)
4 Kcal
40
What is the typical Respiratory Quotient (RQ) value for a diet composed of a variety of foods?
Answer
(C)
0.85
41
What is the approximate Respiratory Quotient (RQ) for proteins?
Answer
(C)
0.80
42
What is the approximate Respiratory Quotient (RQ) for carbohydrates?
Answer
(D)
1.0
43
What is the approximate Respiratory Quotient (RQ) for fats?
Answer
(A)
0.75
44
Proteins are associated with what percentage of Specific Dynamic Action (SDA)?
Answer
(D)
30%
45
Which nutrient is most easily tolerated in limited supply by humans?
Answer
(D)
Carbohydrate
46
What is the Basal Metabolic Rate (B.M.R.) a measure of?
Answer
(D)
Energy expenditure under certain basal (Standard) conditions
47
Which of the following conditions is associated with an elevated B.M.R.?
Answer
(A)
Polycythemia
48
In which of the following conditions would a decreased B.M.R. be expected?
Answer
(A)
Hypothyroidism
49
In which condition is the B.M.R. typically below normal?
Answer
(A)
Addison's disease
50
A healthy 70 kg man consumes a balanced diet with adequate calories and 62.5 g of high-quality protein daily. What would his daily nitrogen balance be, measured in grams of nitrogen?
