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Quick Biochemistry - Mineral Metabolism (Section 2)

1
Which enzyme facilitates the creation of heme from protophyrin III?
Answer
(D)
Ferrochelatase
2
How do many foreign substances affect the body's production of ALA synthase in the liver?
Answer
(A)
Increase hepatic ALA synthase
3
A deficiency of which enzyme is responsible for acute intermittent porphyria?
Answer
(A)
Uroporphyrinogen I synthase
4
What is the most prominent symptom associated with acute intermittent porphyria?
Answer
(A)
Abdominal pain
5
What substance is typically found in increased amounts in the urine of individuals with acute intermittent porphyria?
Answer
(D)
Massive quantities of porphobilinogen
6
Which enzyme is deficient in congenital erythropoietic porphyria?
Answer
(B)
Uroporphyrinogen III cosynthase
7
Which of the following is a primary symptom of congenital erythropoietic porphyria?
Answer
(B)
Photosensitivity
8
Which enzyme deficiency is most likely to cause porphyria cutanea tarda?
Answer
(A)
Uroporphyrinogen oxidase
9
What is a typical finding in the urine of those with porphyria cutanea tarda?
Answer
(C)
Increased quantity of uroporphyrin
10
Hereditary coproporphyria results from a lack of which enzyme?
Answer
(D)
Coproporphyrinogen oxidase
11
Which enzyme is associated with variegate porphyria?
Answer
(A)
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase
12
What enzyme deficiency characterizes protoporphyria (erythrohepatic)?
Answer
(D)
Ferrochelatase
13
Approximately how much coproporphyrins is eliminated daily through feces?
Answer
(D)
300-1000 µgs
14
How are immunoglobulins distinguished and named?
Answer
(D)
Sedimentaiton coefficient like 7 S, 19 S etc.
15
What is the basis for the classification of immunoglobulins?
Answer
(B)
Heavy chains
16
What structural components are present in all immunoglobulins?
Answer
(D)
2 L chains and 2 H chains
17
What chain types are always present in an immunoglobulin molecule?
Answer
(D)
2 κ and 2 λ chains
18
How many types of H chains have been identified in humans?
Answer
(D)
5
19
How many hypervariable regions are present in an L chain?
Answer
(C)
3
20
How many hypervariable regions are present in an H chain?
Answer
(D)
4
21
Which immunoglobulin type contains the γ H chain?
Answer
(A)
Ig G
22
Which immunoglobulin type contains the α H chain?
Answer
(B)
Ig A
23
Which immunoglobulin type contains the μ H chain?
Answer
(C)
Ig M
24
Which immunoglobulin type contains the δ H chain?
Answer
(D)
Ig D
25
Which immunoglobulin type contains the ε H chain?
Answer
(D)
Ig E
26
Which immunoglobulin is characterized by the presence of a 'J' chain?
Answer
(B)
Ig M
27
Which immunoglobulin is associated with the secretory protein T chain (T protein)?
Answer
(A)
Ig A
28
Which immunoglobulin exists as a pentamer?
Answer
(C)
Ig M
29
What part of the immunoglobulin molecule is responsible for binding to a specific antigen?
Answer
(A)
Variable regions of H and L chains
30
What part of the immunoglobulin molecule determines its class-specific function?
Answer
(D)
Constant region particularly CH2 and CH3 of H chain
31
In an Ig molecule, what part is flexible and easily targeted by enzymes?
Answer
(A)
The area between the first and second constant regions of the heavy chain
32
Which immunoglobulin is the smallest in size?
Answer
(A)
Ig G
33
How many subgroups are there for Ig G?
Answer
(C)
4
34
Which Ig G subgroup is present in the highest amount in the blood?
Answer
(A)
Ig G₁
35
Which immunoglobulin can pass through the placenta?
Answer
(C)
Ig G
36
Which immunoglobulin has the least amount of carbohydrates?
Answer
(D)
Ig G
37
What is the typical level of Ig G found in the blood?
Answer
(A)
1200 mg%
38
What is the approximate lifespan of Ig G?
Answer
(C)
19-24 days
39
Which immunoglobulin is most easily broken down by heat?
Answer
(D)
Ig D
40
Which immunoglobulin contains the most carbohydrates?
Answer
(D)
Ig D
41
What is a typical concentration of Ig D in the blood serum?
Answer
(C)
3 mg%
42
Approximately how long does it take for half of the Ig D in the body to be eliminated?
Answer
(B)
2-8 days
43
Roughly what percentage of Ig M is made up of carbohydrates?
Answer
(D)
10.2%
44
Which immunoglobulin has the largest rate of sedimentation?
Answer
(C)
Ig M
45
Which immunoglobulin has the greatest mass?
Answer
(B)
Ig M
46
How long is the half-life of Ig M?
Answer
(C)
5 days
47
What is the approximate normal concentration of Ig M in blood serum?
Answer
(B)
120 mg%
48
Which immunoglobulin is linked to reaginic antibodies?
Answer
(A)
Ig E
49
Which immunoglobulin is found in the lowest concentrations in blood serum?
Answer
(D)
Ig E
50
Within what time frame does half of the Ig E protein typically disappear from the body?
Answer
(A)
1-6 days