Quick Biochemistry - Hormone Metabolism (Section 1)
1
What is a function of hormones?
Answer(C)
Impact the production of enzymes
2
Which hormone interacts with receptors inside a cell?
3
Which hormone utilizes a cell surface receptor and cyclic AMP as a secondary messenger?
4
Which hormone originates from the anterior pituitary gland?
5
From which gland does vasopressin originate?
6
How many amino acids are in human growth hormone?
7
What metabolic effect is caused by the increase in blood glucose due to growth hormone?
Answer(A)
Reduced use of glucose by tissues
8
What condition is caused by an overproduction of growth hormone?
9
Which substance triggers the release of growth hormone?
Answer(B)
Growth hormone releasing hormone
10
How many amino acids make up the prolactin molecule?
11
A single polypeptide chain of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is composed of approximately how many amino acids?
12
The effectiveness of ACTH in the body depends on which portion of its amino acid sequence?
Answer(B)
24-N-terminal amino acids
13
What hormones does ACTH primarily trigger the release of?
14
What medical condition is typically linked to an overproduction of ACTH?
15
In the context of Cushing's syndrome, a condition associated with tumors in the adrenal cortex, what is a typical outcome?
Answer(B)
Excessive cortisol production
16
ACTH leads to an increase in which of the following substances?
17
What is the approximate ACTH concentration usually found circulating in the plasma?
18
What is the primary mechanism by which glucocorticoids elevate blood glucose levels?
Answer(C)
Stimulation of pyruvate carboxylase synthesis
19
Which of the following is the most common glucocorticoid present in the body?
20
The protein primarily responsible for binding cortisol in the bloodstream, also known as transcortin, belongs to which protein group?
21
The specific location where cortisol is produced is the
22
All steroid hormones in mammals are derived from
23
A substance that effectively hinders the creation of steroid hormones is
24
Within the adrenal gland, cholesterol is primarily stored in
Answer(B)
Mostly in esterified form
25
Aldosterone production takes place in the
26
During cortisol synthesis, the correct order of the involved enzymes is
Answer(A)
Hydroxylase-dehydrogenase + isomerase - hydroxylase
27
A deficiency in which adrenal cortex process causes a lack of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids?
Answer(C)
C-21 hydroxylase deficiency
28
The enzyme complex 3-β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and A5,4 isomerase converts the weak androgen DHEA into
29
In a state of rest, the normal concentration of cortisol in plasma ranges from
30
The primary function of aldosterone is to
Answer(A)
Increase the rate of tubular reabsorption of sodium
31
Which factor strongly encourages aldosterone secretion?
32
Within the renin-angiotensin system, which is the main hormone?
33
What triggers the release of aldosterone?
34
In the process of creating Angiotensin I, renin interacts with Angiotensinogen and cuts at the
35
Where are catecholamine hormones produced?
Answer(A)
Chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla
36
What are catecholamine hormones chemically classified as?
Answer(A)
3, 4-Dihydroxy derivatives of phenylethylamine
37
What is the correct order of steps to transform tyrosine into epinephrine?
Answer(A)
Ring hydroxylation-decarboxylation-side chain hydroxylation-N-methylation
38
Which hormone is crucial for causing uterine muscles to contract during childbirth?
39
How many amino acids make up the hormone oxytocin?
40
Vasopressin and oxytocin are not bound to proteins in circulation and have a brief lifespan in plasma, approximately how long?
41
What triggers the process of melanogenesis?
42
How many amino acids make up antidiuretic hormone?
43
Which of the following actions is associated with ADH?
Answer(A)
Reabsorbs water from renal tubules
44
What is the primary result of the hormone's secretion that leads to increased water reabsorption in the kidney?
45
What effect does a rise in the osmolality of the extracellular space have?
46
Which enzyme is the primary regulator in the creation of Catecholamines?
47
Which hormone is unable to pass through the barrier protecting the brain?
48
The concentration of epinephrine in plasma is typically below:
49
How is epinephrine quickly broken down by the body?
50
What bodily structure is the location of Pheochromocytomas tumors?
