Quick Biochemistry - Fats And Fatty Acid Metabolism (Section 9)
1
What substance is added to prevent butter from becoming rancid?
Answer
(B)
Tocopherols
2
What are the products of sphingomyelin hydrolysis?
Answer
(D)
Sphingosine, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and choline
3
Which condition results from an inherited deficiency of the enzyme cerebrosidase?
Answer
(C)
Gaucher's disease
4
What are the products of phosphatidic acid hydrolysis?
Answer
(B)
Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid
5
What is the highest number of double bonds typically found in an essential fatty acid?
Answer
(D)
4
6
What components make up cerebrosides?
Answer
(B)
Sphingosine, fatty acids, galactose
7
Where are acetoacetic acid and β-OH butyric acid formed?
Answer
(C)
Liver
8
Which amino acid is known to have lipotropic properties?
Answer
(D)
Methionine
9
Which type of lipoprotein is associated with a positive impact on atherosclerosis?
Answer
(C)
High density lipoproteins
10
What substance does cholesterol serve as the starting point for the synthesis of?
Answer
(C)
bile acids
11
Which medical condition presents with ketones in urine but not sugar in urine?
Answer
(C)
Prolonged starvation
12
Where are ketone bodies produced?
Answer
(B)
Liver
13
Variations in which substance best represent changes in high-density lipoproteins (HDL)?
Answer
(B)
HDL-2
14
What is essential for mitochondrial fat production?
Answer
(D)
NADPH
15
Fats with 10 carbon atoms enter the
Answer
(A)
Portal ciruclation
16
A system for fat production has been found in bird livers, which is needed for the making of long-chain fats?
Answer
(D)
All of these
17
Most animal tissues have lipids. When stored as fat, what is it primarily composed of?
Answer
(D)
Triacylglycerol
18
Which of these fatty acids is not made by the human body?
Answer
(C)
Linoleic
19
In blood plasma, free fatty acids are mainly
Answer
(D)
mainly bound to serum albumin
20
Adipose tissue stores triacylglycerol and makes it using
Answer
(B)
The glycerol-3-phosphate obtained in the metabolism of glucose
21
Which type of lipoprotein, when elevated in the bloodstream, is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease?
Answer
(A)
HDL
22
During the extramitochondrial synthesis of fatty acids, what role does CO₂ play?
Answer
(C)
In the conversion of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA
23
Regarding the absorption of triacylglycerols in the intestines, which statement aligns with current understanding?
Answer
(B)
They are hydrolysed partially and the material absorbed consists of free fatty acids, mono and diacyl glycerols and unchanged triacyl glycerols
24
What is the primary metabolic byproduct of cholesterol?
Answer
(C)
Bile acid
25
In individuals with type II (a) hyperlipoproteinemia, which lipoprotein typically shows elevated levels?
Answer
(B)
B
26
Approximately what percentage of the liver's composition is typically fat?
Answer
(A)
5
27
What substance accumulates in the body, leading to obesity?
Answer
(C)
Fat
28
What is the initial lipoprotein released by the liver?
Answer
(B)
nascent VLDL
29
Which lipoprotein is responsible for transporting cholesterol away from the body?
Answer
(A)
HDL
30
During lipolysis of stored triacylglycerol in adipose tissue, which substances experience an increase in blood levels?
Answer
(C)
Free fatty acids (FFA) and Glycerol
31
What is the end product of beta-oxidation for long-chain fatty acids with an even number of carbon atoms?
Answer
(D)
Acetyl CoA
32
Which substance leads to an elevation in the concentration of free fatty acids within the bloodstream?
Answer
(B)
Caffeine
33
In what form is cholesterol eliminated from the body?
Answer
(C)
Bile
34
What does the acronym LCAT stand for?
Answer
(B)
Lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase
35
How many carbon atoms are present in a cholesterol molecule?
Answer
(A)
27
36
Which hydrocarbon is produced during the process of cholesterol biosynthesis?
Answer
(C)
Squalene
37
When citrate is processed in the cytosol, what compounds are produced?
Answer
(A)
Acetyl CoA + oxaloacetate
38
Which vitamin is rendered ineffective by avidin?
Answer
(C)
Biotin
39
For which biosynthesis pathway is CTP essential?
Answer
(C)
Phospholipids
40
Which enzyme transforms lecithin into lysolecithin?
Answer
(B)
Phospholipase A2
41
In the human body, which metabolic process is not feasible for converting fatty acids into carbohydrates?
Answer
(C)
Transformation of acetyl CoA to pyruvate
42
What is the primary form in which cholesterol is transported within the bloodstream?
Answer
(D)
Low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins
43
Where within a cell does the breakdown of fatty acids through beta-oxidation occur?
Answer
(B)
Mitochondria
44
Which type of dietary fat is associated with a reduction in blood cholesterol levels?
Answer
(A)
Unsaturated
45
Phospholipase A₂ facilitates the removal of a fatty acid from lecithin, resulting in the formation of:
Answer
(D)
Lysolecithin
46
Pancreatic lipase is an enzyme responsible for breaking down fats; it functions as a:
Answer
(B)
hydrolase
47
Which substance can impede the absorption of cholesterol?
Answer
(D)
B-sitosterol
48
The process of shortening fatty acid carbon chains by two carbons at a time involves a series of reactions. What is the correct sequence of enzymes involved?
Answer
(B)
Acyl CoA dehydrogenase, thiolase, enoyl hydrase, B-OH acyl CoA dehydrogenase
49
Acyl carrier protein plays a crucial role in the synthesis of which of the following?
Answer
(C)
fatty acid outside the mitochondria
50
Complete oxidation of one molecule of palmitic acid produces how many ATP molecules (considering high energy bonds)?
