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Quick Biochemistry - Fats And Fatty Acid Metabolism (Section 5)

1
What are the products of salivary lipase's action on dietary triglycerides?
Answer
(A)
Diglycerides and fatty acids
2
Which of the following is essential for the function of pancreatic lipase?
Answer
(D)
All of these
3
Through what process does pancreatic lipase break down triacylglycerols?
Answer
(C)
2-Monoacylglycerol
4
Where does the process of fatty acid oxidation take place?
Answer
(B)
In the matrix of mitochondria
5
Which of the following is not necessary for the activation of fatty acids?
Answer
(D)
Carnitine
6
On what type of fatty acids does mitochondrial thiokinase act?
Answer
(A)
Short chain of fatty acids
7
What is the role of carnitine in fatty acid metabolism?
Answer
(D)
Long chain fatty acids into mitochondria
8
Where is carnitine acylcarnitine translocase located?
Answer
(A)
In the inner mitochondrial membrane
9
What is the total ATP yield from the complete oxidation of stearic acid?
Answer
(C)
146
10
In the oxidation of odd-numbered fatty acids, propionyl CoA is produced and then converted into which of the following?
Answer
(C)
D-Methylmalonyl CoA
11
In what primary organ does the breakdown of fatty acids mainly occur?
Answer
(B)
Brain
12
Which of the following metabolic pathways is NOT linked to the condition known as Refsum's disease?
Answer
(A)
Alpha-oxidation of fatty acids
13
What is the final product when a fatty acid with an even number of carbon atoms undergoes omega-oxidation?
Answer
(C)
Both (A) and (B)
14
The creation of new fatty acids relies on a complex of multiple enzymes. How many -SH groups are present within this complex?
Answer
(D)
Four-SH groups
15
Where in the body are fat reserves typically found?
Answer
(D)
All of these
16
What gland produces salivary lipase?
Answer
(C)
Dorsal surface of tongue
17
What kind of molecule is co-lipase?
Answer
(C)
Protein
18
What condition results in a milky appearance of the plasma?
Answer
(D)
After a meal
19
Which type of fatty acids can freely cross the mitochondrial membrane?
Answer
(A)
Short chain fatty acids
20
In each round of beta-oxidation, how many carbon atoms are removed from a fatty acid?
Answer
(C)
Two carbon atoms are removed from the carboxyl end of the fatty acid
21
Approximately how many ATP equivalents are produced from the complete oxidation of palmitic acid?
Answer
(D)
148 ATP equivalents
22
How does the energy yield from the complete oxidation of a 17-carbon fatty acid compare to that of a 16-carbon and an 18-carbon fatty acid?
Answer
(C)
Less than the energy generation from a 16-carbon fatty acid
23
About how many ATP equivalents are generated from the complete oxidation of linoleic acid?
Answer
(D)
142 ATP equivalents
24
Where does the synthesis of fatty acids outside of mitochondria primarily occur?
Answer
(D)
All of these
25
How many -SH groups are present in one functional sub-unit of the multi-enzyme complex involved in the de novo synthesis of fatty acids?
Answer
(B)
Two-SH groups
26
From which metabolic pathways can NADPH, needed for fatty acid synthesis, be obtained?
Answer
(D)
All of these
27
Which of the following substances would *not* help prevent the condition of fatty liver?
Answer
(D)
Ethionine
28
Up to which carbon position can the human desaturase enzyme system insert a double bond in a fatty acid?
Answer
(A)
Carbon 9
29
Which type of lipid is actively absorbed from the intestines?
Answer
(D)
None of these
30
What process forms the C22 and C24 fatty acids needed for sphingolipid synthesis in the brain?
Answer
(B)
Microsomal chain elongation
31
Concerning sphingomyelins, which category do they belong to?
Answer
(A)
Phospholipids
32
Which of the following is NOT a true statement regarding hypoglycin?
Answer
(A)
It is a plant toxin
33
What is the primary mechanism by which the synthesis of prostaglandins is suppressed?
Answer
(D)
All of these
34
For the synthesis of which of the following substances is lipo-oxygenase essential?
Answer
(B)
Leukotrienes
35
Which of the following statements about multiple sclerosis is NOT accurate?
Answer
(C)
There is loss of esterified cholesterol from white matter
36
Once inside the cytosol, what protein or molecule do free fatty acids bind to?
Answer
(C)
Z-protein
37
Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to an increase in the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue?
Answer
(D)
Insulin
38
Which of the following statements regarding brown adipose tissue is incorrect?
Answer
(C)
Oxidation and phosphorylation are tightly coupled in it
39
What is the primary impact of lovastatin and mevastatin?
Answer
(B)
Serum cholesterol
40
What type of inhibitor is lovastatin?
Answer
(D)
Competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase
41
A lack of which compound is associated with the condition known as Abetalipoproteinaemia?
Answer
(B)
Apoprotein B
42
In the context of Tangier disease, which of the following is NOT a correct statement?
Answer
(D)
Plasma HDL levels are elevated
43
A deficiency in lipoprotein lipase of genetic origin leads to which classification of hyperlipoproteinaemia?
Answer
(A)
Type I
44
In a fasting blood sample, the presence of chylomicrons is a characteristic of which hyperlipoproteinaemia classifications?
Answer
(C)
Types I and V
45
Which of the following molecules includes Glutathione in its composition?
Answer
(C)
Leukotriene Cā‚
46
Which enzyme is responsible for the deactivation of prostaglandins?
Answer
(A)
15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
47
Which enzyme is targeted by the drugs Phenylbutazone and indomethacin, leading to their therapeutic effects?
Answer
(C)
Cyclo-oxygenase
48
Which physiological response is promoted by prostaglandins?
Answer
(C)
Bronchodilatation
49
During extramitochondrial fatty acid synthesis, what is the primary source of acetyl CoA?
Answer
(A)
Citrate
50
Which of the following membrane components would decrease membrane fluidity?
Answer
(A)
Polyunsaturated fatty acids