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Quick Biochemistry - Carbohydrates And Carbohydrate Metabolism (Section 6)

1
What process is regulated by the following enzymes?
Answer
(D)
All of these
2
How many ATP molecules are needed to transform 2 molecules of lactic acid into glucose?
Answer
(D)
6
3
Which enzyme is not involved in the HMP shunt pathway?
Answer
(A)
Glyceraldehyde-3-p dehydrogenase
4
What components are needed by pyruvate carboxylase to convert pyruvate to oxaloacetate?
Answer
(A)
ATP, Protein and CO₂
5
What high-energy molecule is required for the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenol pyruvate?
Answer
(C)
GTP (or) ITP
6
If a redox pair has a more negative standard reduction potential, what is its tendency regarding electrons?
Answer
(A)
To lose electrons
7
Which compounds can uncouple electron transport and phosphorylation by changing the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane?
Answer
(B)
Protons
8
If the standard reduction potential (E) is more positive, what is the tendency of the oxidant in that pair regarding electrons?
Answer
(B)
Gain electrons
9
What is the approximate standard free energy of hydrolysis for the terminal phosphate group of ATP?
Answer
(A)
-7,300 cal/mol
10
How much energy (in calories) is produced from the transport of an electron pair from NADH to O₂ via the electron transport chain?
Answer
(D)
+52,580 cal
11
If three ADP molecules and three inorganic phosphate molecules are combined to form three ATP molecules, what is the approximate energy requirement?
Answer
(A)
-21,900 calories
12
Regarding the change in free energy (AG), which statement is accurate?
Answer
(B)
It is zero at equilibrium
13
Under defined standard conditions, which statement is accurate?
Answer
(C)
The free energy change (AG°) equals the standard free energy change (AG°).
14
What is the effect of an oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler, such as dinitrophenol?
Answer
(B)
It allows electron transport to occur without ATP synthesis.
15
Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the enzyme complex responsible for ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation?
Answer
(D)
It can bind molecular oxygen (O₂).
16
What is a characteristic of the enzyme glucokinase?
Answer
(B)
It has a high Km for glucose and is significant in glucose phosphorylation, especially after consuming a carbohydrate-rich meal.
17
Which of the following best describes the reaction catalyzed by phosphofructokinase?
Answer
(C)
It is the rate-limiting step in the glycolytic pathway.
18
Compared to a resting state, what occurs in vigorously contracting muscle?
Answer
(A)
An increased conversion of pyruvate to lactate.
19
What is a likely outcome in individuals with pyruvate kinase deficiency?
Answer
(B)
Hemolytic anemia.
20
Which statement is true regarding glucose metabolism?
Answer
(C)
Pyruvate kinase catalyzes an irreversible reaction.
21
What compound from the list cannot be used in the overall process to create Glucose?
Answer
(B)
Glycerol
22
Which of the listed reactions is only seen during gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(C)
Oxaloacetate phosphoenol pyruvate
23
In the creation of glucose from pyruvate through gluconeogenesis
Answer
(A)
Does biotin play a role?
24
The transformation of pyruvate into acetyl CoA and CO₂
Answer
(B)
Does it use lipoic acid?
25
What is the Pasteur effect?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
26
During the change from phosphoenol pyruvate to citrate, how many ATPs are used?
Answer
(C)
4
27
In red blood cells, what does reduced glutathione do?
Answer
(D)
Get rid of oxidizing agents like H2O2
28
What is Phenylalanine used to make?
Answer
(C)
Tyrosine
29
D-Mannose is found in some plant things, such as
Answer
(D)
Gums
30
Galactose is a key part of
Answer
(A)
Milk sugar
31
What is glucosamine a key component of?
Answer
(C)
Mucopolysaccharide
32
Which body tissue typically lacks glycogen?
Answer
(B)
Brain
33
What other substance, besides starch and dextrin, gives a positive iodine test?
Answer
(C)
Glycogen
34
What is a representative formula for polysaccharides?
Answer
(A)
(C6H10O5)n
35
Which sugar is an epimer of glucose?
Answer
(B)
Galactose
36
Which of the following sugars is found in human heart muscle?
Answer
(C)
D-Xylose
37
Which of the following is an intermediate in the hexose monophosphate shunt?
Answer
(A)
D-Ribulose
38
Which of the following sugars does not cause Benedict's solution to change color upon boiling?
Answer
(A)
Sucrose
39
Which test is used to differentiate between monosaccharides and disaccharides?
Answer
(C)
Barfoed's test
40
Which sugar will not react with Barfoed's solution?
Answer
(C)
Sucrose
41
What process is the Cori cycle?
Answer
(D)
A combination of the first two
42
What is another name for cane sugar?
Answer
(B)
Sucrose
43
Which sugar from the options does not have the ability to reduce?
Answer
(C)
Sucrose
44
What is the relationship between α-D-Glucose and ẞ-D-glucose?
Answer
(B)
Anomers
45
What carbons in D-Glucose are involved in the stable ring structure?
Answer
(C)
C-1 and C-5
46
What is produced when Glucose is reduced with Ca++ in water?
Answer
(A)
Sorbitol
47
What are starch and glycogen made up of?
Answer
(C)
α-D-Glucose
48
What feature of carbohydrates causes them to be reducing?
Answer
(A)
Carboxyl group
49
Which of the following is not a chain of glucose molecules?
Answer
(B)
Inulin
50
What is invert sugar?
Answer
(D)
The result of breaking down sucrose