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Quick Biochemistry - Carbohydrates And Carbohydrate Metabolism (Section 3)

1
What is the main substance transported in Cori's cycle?
Answer
(B)
Lactate from muscles to liver
2
A high intake of ethanol typically elevates which ratio in the body?
Answer
(A)
NADH: NAD+
3
How does ethanol impact the process of gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(C)
Converting NAD+ into NADH and decreasing the availability of pyruvate
4
What is the function of Glycogenin?
Answer
(C)
Protein primer for glycogen synthesis
5
Which cells utilize ketone bodies as an energy source during periods of starvation?
Answer
(B)
Brain
6
What is a general characteristic of animal fat composition?
Answer
(B)
Rich in saturated and poor in polyunsaturated fatty acids
7
For a diabetic patient, what type of carbohydrate is generally recommended in their diet?
Answer
(C)
Polysaccharides
8
Which health conditions are linked to obesity?
Answer
(D)
All of these
9
Globally, which vitamin deficiency is most prevalent?
Answer
(B)
Folic acid
10
What is the primary benefit of using iodized salt?
Answer
(C)
Endemic goitre prevention
11
Which condition often benefits from limiting salt consumption?
Answer
(B)
Hypertension
12
Excessive urine production is a possible symptom of which condition?
Answer
(B)
Diarrhoea
13
What is the typical range for urine's specific gravity?
Answer
(B)
1.012-1.024
14
Which of the following conditions does NOT usually cause an increase in urine's specific gravity?
Answer
(D)
Acute glomerulonephritis
15
In which of these conditions would you expect to find a lower urine specific gravity?
Answer
(B)
Acute glomerulonephritis
16
Which of the following conditions is associated with significant protein in the urine?
Answer
(B)
Acute pyelonephritis
17
What type of complex carbohydrates are mucopolysaccharides?
Answer
(A)
Hamopolysaccharides
18
At what temperature range does Bence-Jones protein typically become visible as a precipitate?
Answer
(B)
40-60° C
19
Which of these medical conditions is associated with lower serum cholesterol levels?
Answer
(B)
Thyrotoxicosis
20
Which sugar is formed as a result of a chemical process in the HMP shunt?
Answer
(A)
Sedoheptulose
21
What is a generalized formula for a type of complex carbohydrate?
Answer
(B)
(C6H10O5)n
22
How many distinct forms of glucose exist as isomers?
Answer
(D)
16
23
Which of the following is a molecule that is similar to glucose in terms of its structure, known as an epimer?
Answer
(B)
Galactose
24
Which of the following is an intermediary compound in the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway?
Answer
(A)
D-Ribolose
25
Which substance found in honey is a breakdown product of a more complex carbohydrate?
Answer
(C)
Inulin
26
Which sugar does NOT cause a color change in Benedict's solution when heated?
Answer
(A)
Sucrose
27
Where are glycosides commonly found?
Answer
(B)
Drugs
28
What is formed when galactose is reacted with concentrated nitric acid?
Answer
(D)
Mucic acid
29
What is a chemical test used to tell the difference between simple and complex sugars?
Answer
(C)
Barfoed's test
30
What are the basic building blocks of cellulose?
Answer
(A)
a-glucose
31
Which substance fails to react with iodine solution, producing no color change?
Answer
(A)
Cellulose
32
What is the approximate spacing between glucose units in the branches of glycogen?
Answer
(D)
12-18
33
Approximately how many glucose units are present in amylose?
Answer
(C)
300-400
34
At what interval of glucose units do the branches in amylopectin occur?
Answer
(B)
24-30
35
Which of the following is an instance of N-acetylneuraminic acid?
Answer
(C)
Glucuronic acid
36
What compound replaces glucuronic acid in chondroitin sulphate B?
Answer
(C)
Induronic acid
37
What type of compound makes up blood group substances?
Answer
(C)
Fructose
38
Which substance is a component of both cartilage and the cornea?
Answer
(A)
Keratosulphate
39
In concentrated urine, which substance is most likely to interfere with Benedict's test, leading to a weakly positive result?
Answer
(B)
Uric acid
40
Which agent inhibits the active transport of sugar?
Answer
(C)
Malonate
41
What method is commonly used to identify the presence of carbohydrates?
Answer
(B)
Molisch test
42
Which of the following conditions might lead to reduced glucose absorption?
Answer
(A)
Oedema
43
Which substance inhibits the function of glycogen synthetase?
Answer
(C)
Cyclic AMP
44
The enzyme responsible for branching acts on the glycogen molecule after the chain reaches how many glucose units?
Answer
(D)
6 and 11
45
Which hormone stimulates the production of cyclic AMP through the activation of adenylate cyclase?
Answer
(B)
Epinephrine
46
Which enzyme exhibits a lower binding affinity for glucose compared to hexokinase?
Answer
(C)
Glucokinase
47
What enzyme facilitates the interconversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate?
Answer
(B)
Phosphotriose isomerase
48
The conversion of citrate to isocitrate by aconitase requires which of the following as a cofactor?
Answer
(B)
Fe++
49
The conversion of succinyl COA to succinate during cellular respiration requires which molecule?
Answer
(B)
ADP
50
Which molecule acts as a carrier in the citric acid cycle?
Answer
(D)
Oxaloacetate