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Quick Biochemistry - Carbohydrates And Carbohydrate Metabolism (Section 2)

1
Which carbohydrate is most prevalent in the natural world?
Answer
(C)
Cellulose
2
Reduced kidney function can be suggested by what percentage of PSP excretion in the initial 15 minutes?
Answer
(A)
20%
3
Which of the following is an early sign of kidney problems?
Answer
(A)
Impairment of the capacity of the tubule to perform osmotic work
4
What is measured during an ADH test?
Answer
(A)
Specific gravity of urine
5
What is the typical range for urine specific gravity?
Answer
(B)
1.003-1.030
6
In which condition does urine specific gravity typically increase?
Answer
(A)
Diabetes mellitus
7
In which condition is urine specific gravity often fixed at 1.010?
Answer
(D)
Chronic glomerulonephritis
8
What does the Addis test measure?
Answer
(A)
Impairment of the capacity of the tubule to perform osmotic work
9
How many stereoisomers does glucose have?
Answer
(C)
16
10
From which of the following can maltose be produced through hydrolysis?
Answer
(D)
All of these
11
In which of the following molecules can α-D-Glucuronic acid be found?
Answer
(C)
Heparin
12
What is the source of fructose when a substance undergoes hydrolysis?
Answer
(C)
Both of the above
13
Which type of sugar is a component of DNA?
Answer
(B)
Deoxyribose
14
What is the classification of ribulose based on its structure?
Answer
(C)
Ketopentose
15
What is the common name for the carbohydrate also known as dextrose?
Answer
(C)
D-Glucose
16
Which carbohydrate is exclusively found in milk?
Answer
(C)
Lactose
17
Which of the following is commonly referred to as invert sugar?
Answer
(B)
Sucrose
18
Which of the following is a heteropolysaccharide?
Answer
(C)
Heparin
19
What is the most common form of glucose when dissolved in a solution?
Answer
(D)
Glucopyranose
20
Which of these is an L-isomer monosaccharide that is produced within the human body?
Answer
(D)
L-Xylulose
21
In what part of the body is hyaluronic acid commonly located?
Answer
(A)
Joints
22
When a straight-chain monosaccharide converts to a ring form, what is the name of the carbon atom that becomes asymmetric?
Answer
(A)
Anomeric carbon atom
23
What is the smallest monosaccharide that exhibits a furanose ring structure?
Answer
(B)
Ribose
24
Which pair of sugars are considered epimers?
Answer
(B)
Glucose and galactose
25
Which of the following molecules contains an α-glycosidic bond?
Answer
(B)
Maltose
26
Approximately how often does branching occur in a glycogen molecule?
Answer
(B)
Ten glucose units
27
Which of the following substances contains N-Acetylglucosamine?
Answer
(A)
Hyaluronic acid
28
Which of these substances produces a red color when combined with iodine?
Answer
(C)
Glycogen
29
Which substance is a component of amylose?
Answer
(A)
Starch
30
What compound is a key component of synovial fluid?
Answer
(B)
Hyaluronic acid
31
Which of the following conditions leads to a reduction in gluconeogenesis?
Answer
(D)
Insulin
32
The metabolic pathway that allows for the utilization of lactate produced in muscles involves
Answer
(C)
Cori's cycle
33
In which of these locations is glucose-6-phosphatase typically absent?
Answer
(D)
Muscles and adipose tissue
34
Pyruvate carboxylase activity is primarily controlled through
Answer
(D)
All of these
35
Fructose-2, 6-biphosphate is generated by the enzyme
Answer
(B)
Phosphofructokinase-2
36
The biological fluid with the greatest concentration of fructose is
Answer
(D)
Seminal fluid
37
The mechanism by which glucose enters liver cells is generally
Answer
(D)
Insulin-independent
38
Which of the following is associated with a reduction in the renal threshold for glucose?
Answer
(C)
Renal glycosuria
39
Which substance interferes with the active transport of glucose?
Answer
(B)
Phlorrizin
40
A deficiency or absence of Glucose-6-phosphatase is a characteristic feature of
Answer
(A)
Von Gierke's disease
41
In which condition is the debranching enzyme missing?
Answer
(A)
Cori's condition
42
What enzyme deficiency causes McArdle's disease?
Answer
(D)
Muscle phosphorylase
43
What best describes tautomerization?
Answer
(A)
Hydrogen atom rearrangement
44
What sugar is found in the urine of individuals with essential pentosuria?
Answer
(C)
L-Xylulose
45
What products are formed when salivary amylase acts on starch?
Answer
(C)
Both maltose and maltotriose
46
What are potential outcomes of congenital galactosaemia?
Answer
(D)
All of the listed outcomes
47
What is the role of Uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG)?
Answer
(D)
All of the listed roles
48
What ions are necessary for the function of salivary amylase?
Answer
(A)
Chloride ions
49
Which of the following is efficiently absorbed in the small intestine?
Answer
(C)
Galactose
50
Which of the following pathways serves both catabolic and anabolic functions?
Answer
(C)
Citric acid cycle