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Quick Biochemistry - Carbohydrates And Carbohydrate Metabolism (Section 1)

1
What is the common chemical formula for monosaccharides?
Answer
(A)
CnH2nOn
2
Which of the following represents the typical chemical structure of polysaccharides?
Answer
(A)
(C6H10O5)n
3
Which of these is an example of an aldose sugar?
Answer
(A)
Glycerose
4
Which of the following is classified as a triose sugar?
Answer
(A)
Glycerose
5
Which of the following is an example of a pentose sugar?
Answer
(B)
Ribulose
6
In which of the following sugars is present mainly in the heart muscle?
Answer
(A)
Lyxose
7
Which best describes polysaccharides?
Answer
(A)
Polymers
8
Approximately how many isomers does glucose have?
Answer
(D)
16
9
What term is used to describe sugars that differ only in the arrangement of atoms around a single carbon atom?
Answer
(A)
Epimers
10
What is the term for isomers that differ in the configuration of -OH and -H groups on carbons 2, 3, and 4 of glucose?
Answer
(A)
Epimers
11
Which of the following is the most significant epimer of glucose?
Answer
(A)
Galactose
12
What term describes a-D-glucose and β-D-glucose?
Answer
(C)
Anomers
13
What process is demonstrated by the following: a-D-glucose + 112° + 52.5° + 19° βD-glucose?
Answer
(B)
Mutarotation
14
What are compounds called that share the same structural formula but have different spatial arrangements?
Answer
(A)
Stereoisomers
15
In glucose, what determines if a compound is classified in the D or L series?
Answer
(A)
D or L series
16
What carbohydrate is found in blood group substances?
Answer
(B)
Fucose
17
Erythromycin is composed of which of the following?
Answer
(A)
Dimethyl amino sugar
18
Which of the following is an example of a sugar alcohol?
Answer
(A)
Mannitol
19
What is the primary sugar present in insect hemolymph?
Answer
(C)
Trehalose
20
Which sugar is a component of DNA?
Answer
(C)
Deoxyribose
21
What is the type of sugar present in RNA?
Answer
(A)
Ribose
22
What type of sugar is commonly found in milk?
Answer
(D)
Lactose
23
What is another name for the product of sucrose hydrolysis?
Answer
(C)
Hydrolytic products of sucrose
24
What two simple sugars combine to form sucrose?
Answer
(B)
Glucose + fructose
25
In which of the following does a 1→4 glycosidic bond connect the monosaccharide units?
Answer
(A)
Maltose
26
Which of the following sugars does not exhibit reducing properties?
Answer
(D)
Trehalose
27
Which of the following sugars has the ability to reduce other substances?
Answer
(C)
Isomaltose
28
Which disaccharide is created through a 1,1-glycosidic bond between its simple sugar components?
Answer
(C)
Trehalose
29
Which of the following disaccharides is formed by a 1,1-glycosidic linkage between its monosaccharide units?
Answer
(B)
Maltose
30
What phenomenon is described by a change in optical properties?
Answer
(B)
Optical rotation
31
What is the name of the polysaccharide often referred to as animal starch?
Answer
(D)
Dextrin
32
Which homopolysaccharide is utilized in intravenous infusions as a plasma replacement?
Answer
(A)
Agar
33
What polysaccharide is used to evaluate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Answer
(C)
Inulin
34
What is the fundamental building block of inulin?
Answer
(B)
Fructose
35
Which polysaccharide is a component of the outer covering of creatures lacking a backbone?
Answer
(B)
Chitin
36
Which of the following is classified as a heteroglycan?
Answer
(B)
Agar
37
Which glycosaminoglycan lacks uronic acid in its structure?
Answer
(C)
Keratan sulphate
38
Which glycosaminoglycan is not composed of uronic acid?
Answer
(B)
Heparin
39
Where is Keratan sulphate predominantly found?
Answer
(D)
Cornea
40
What are the repeating units that make up hyaluronic acid?
Answer
(A)
N-acetyl glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid
41
Roughly how many branch points are found within a typical amylopectin molecule?
Answer
(D)
80
42
What is the approximate spacing, in terms of glucose units, between branches in amylopectin?
Answer
(B)
24-30
43
Which substance is a glucose polymer produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides in a sucrose environment?
Answer
(A)
Dextrans
44
What polyol is produced when glucose reacts with sodium amalgam?
Answer
(B)
Sorbitol
45
Which of the following is NOT a product of glucose oxidation?
Answer
(A)
Glycoside
46
What is the product of oxidizing galactose with concentrated nitric acid?
Answer
(A)
Mucic acid
47
Which sugar fails to produce a positive result in Benedict's test?
Answer
(A)
Sucrose
48
What type of carbohydrate is starch?
Answer
(A)
Polysaccharide
49
Which sugar yields a positive result in Seliwanoff's test?
Answer
(B)
Fructose
50
Which of these sugars does NOT form osazones?
Answer
(C)
Sucrose