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Physics for IGCSE & O level - Thermal Effects (Section 7)

1
What happens to the particles in a substance during evaporation?
Answer
(C)
They gain energy.
2
Which of the following describes the relationship between energy, mass, and specific latent heat?
Answer
(B)
energy transferred = mass * specific latent heat
3
How does convection transfer heat?
Answer
(C)
By the movement of heated fluids.
4
When water boils, what state change is occurring?
Answer
(C)
Evaporation
5
In which scale is absolute zero 0K?
Answer
(C)
Kelvin
6
When a gas is heated, what happens to the pressure inside a closed container?
Answer
(B)
The pressure increases.
7
Which material is generally a better insulator?
Answer
(C)
Wood
8
How does the color of a surface affect its ability to radiate heat?
Answer
(B)
Darker colors radiate heat better.
9
What type of heat transfer does a hot water bottle use?
Answer
(A)
Conduction
10
During evaporation, what happens to the temperature of the liquid?
Answer
(C)
Remains constant
11
Which of these factors increase the rate of evaporation?
Answer
A
C
12
If you put a cold drink in a warm room, what will happen to the water molecules on the outside of the glass?
Answer
(B)
They will condense.
13
Which factors affect the rate of evaporation?
Answer
A
B
C
14
What is the result of increasing the temperature of a gas while keeping the volume constant?
Answer
(B)
The pressure increases.
15
During the process of freezing, what happens to the thermal energy?
Answer
(B)
It is released.
16
Which of the following best describes conduction?
Answer
(B)
The transfer of heat through direct contact.
17
In the experiment on heating gases at constant volume, the experiment shows that...
Answer
(B)
Temperature increases
18
Which of the following is a good insulator?
Answer
(C)
Wood
19
Which process involves heat transfer by the movement of fluids (liquids or gases)?
Answer
(B)
Convection
20
Which of these actions can increase evaporation of water?
Answer
A
B
D
21
What is the primary reason for using double-pane windows in a house?
Answer
(C)
To reduce conduction and convection.
22
What happens when a substance absorbs thermal energy?
Answer
(C)
Its temperature may increase or remain constant.
23
If 2 kg of water needs to be raised by 50°C, and the specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg°C, how much energy is required?
Answer
(A)
420000 J
24
If 1 kg of a substance has a specific heat capacity of 2000 J/kg°C, how much energy is required to raise its temperature by 10°C?
Answer
(B)
2,000 J
25
How can you calculate the energy transferred during a temperature change?
Answer
(C)
Energy = mass * specific heat capacity * temperature change
26
What does 'specific heat capacity' of a material refer to?
Answer
(A)
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg by 1°C
27
In which temperature scale is the absolute zero defined as 0 degrees?
Answer
(C)
Kelvin
28
If 5000 J of energy are transferred to melt 0.5 kg of ice, what is the specific latent heat of fusion of ice?
Answer
(B)
10000 J/kg
29
What happens to the thermal energy of a substance when it undergoes a phase change?
Answer
(C)
It remains constant.
30
What happens to a gas when heated, assuming constant pressure?
Answer
(B)
It expands.
31
In which process does thermal energy transfer by the movement of fluids (liquids or gases)?
Answer
(B)
Convection
32
What state of matter has the lowest amount of internal energy?
Answer
(C)
Solid
33
What happens to the temperature of a substance during boiling?
Answer
(C)
Remains constant
34
Which of the following does not change when the temperature of a gas increases at a constant volume?
Answer
(B)
Volume
35
What is the unit for specific heat capacity?
Answer
(B)
J/kg°C
36
Why does a black surface heat up faster than a white surface in sunlight?
Answer
(B)
Black surfaces absorb more radiation.
37
What is an example of heat transfer via radiation?
Answer
(A)
A warm room due to a radiator.
38
What type of surface absorbs thermal radiation most efficiently?
Answer
(D)
Dull black
39
What is the Kinetic theory?
Answer
(A)
A theory that describes how particles in solids, liquids, and gases move
40
During a phase change, like melting, what happens to the kinetic energy of the particles?
Answer
(C)
It remains constant.
41
Which temperature scale is based on absolute zero?
Answer
(C)
Kelvin
42
Which of the following describes a sea breeze?
Answer
(B)
Air moving from sea to land.
43
In the Kelvin scale, what is the freezing point of water?
Answer
(C)
273 K
44
How can the specific latent heat of fusion be determined?
Answer
A
B
C
45
What term is used to describe the energy absorbed or released during a change of state?
Answer
(B)
Latent heat
46
If 1000 J of energy are required to melt 0.5 kg of ice, what is the latent heat of fusion?
Answer
(C)
5000 J/kg
47
What happens to the molecules in a gas when it is heated?
Answer
(B)
They move faster.
48
What is required to change a solid into a liquid?
Answer
(B)
The absorption of thermal energy
49
What happens to the pressure inside a sealed container if the temperature of the gas inside increases?
Answer
(B)
It increases.
50
In the equation Q=mcΔT, what does ΔT represent?
Answer
(C)
Change in temperature