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Physics for IGCSE & O level - Atoms And Radioactivity (Section 7)

1
Which of the following is a major challenge to the development of fusion reactors?
Answer
(B)
Achieving and sustaining extremely high temperatures.
2
What is the primary goal in designing a fusion reactor?
Answer
(B)
To confine and heat plasma to extremely high temperatures.
3
Which term describes the spontaneous breakdown of an unstable atomic nucleus?
Answer
(C)
Radioactive decay
4
What does the term 'ionizing' mean in relation to radiation?
Answer
(C)
It causes atoms to gain or lose electrons
5
What happens to the atomic number during beta decay?
Answer
(A)
Increases by 1
6
What is the process called when smaller atomic nuclei combine to create a larger nucleus?
Answer
(B)
Fusion
7
What is the function of a cloud chamber?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
8
What happens to an atom's mass number during beta decay?
Answer
(C)
Stays the same
9
What happens to the mass in a nuclear reaction, according to E=mc²?
Answer
(B)
Mass is converted into energy
10
Which statement best describes the strong nuclear force?
Answer
(C)
The force that holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus
11
What is half-life?
Answer
(A)
The time it takes for half of a radioactive sample to decay.
12
How does the mass of a nucleus change during gamma decay?
Answer
(C)
Remains the same
13
Which of the following is NOT a type of radiation particle?
Answer
(D)
Neutron
14
What is the unit of radioactivity called?
Answer
(B)
Becquerel
15
In beta decay, what is emitted from the nucleus?
Answer
(B)
Beta particle
16
What happens to the atomic number during gamma decay?
Answer
(C)
Remains the same
17
What is an isotope?
Answer
(B)
An atom with a different number of neutrons.
18
What is the role of a coolant in a nuclear reactor?
Answer
(C)
To remove heat from the reactor core.
19
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gamma radiation?
Answer
(C)
It is easily stopped by a sheet of paper.
20
In which part of a nuclear reactor does the fission reaction occur?
Answer
(C)
The reactor core.
21
What is the purpose of a chain reaction in a nuclear reactor?
Answer
(B)
To produce energy continuously
22
In the context of nuclear physics, what is a 'fission fragment'?
Answer
(B)
One of the lighter nuclei produced by fission.
23
Which element undergoes fission in nuclear reactors?
Answer
(C)
Uranium
24
What is the term for atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons?
Answer
(A)
Isotopes
25
What is the charge of an electron, according to Thomson's plum pudding model?
Answer
(C)
Negative
26
In the equation E=mc², what does 'E' represent?
Answer
(B)
Energy
27
What is a chain reaction?
Answer
(C)
A self-sustaining reaction that involves neutrons.
28
How does the number of protons change during Beta decay?
Answer
(A)
Increases by 1
29
What is a major benefit of using nuclear fusion to generate energy?
Answer
A
B
30
What type of radiation is used in medical imaging?
Answer
(C)
Gamma
31
What is the most common form of Lithium?
Answer
(A)
Lithium-7
32
What is the purpose of a moderator in a nuclear reactor?
Answer
(B)
To slow down neutrons
33
Which will produce more force on an electric field?
Answer
(A)
Alpha particles
34
What happens to the mass of the fuel in a fission reactor?
Answer
(C)
It decreases.
35
What is the charge on a beta particle?
Answer
(B)
-1
36
What is the main element used for nuclear fission reactions?
Answer
(B)
Uranium
37
Which particle has a negative charge?
Answer
(C)
Electron
38
What does the term 'half-life' refer to?
Answer
(B)
The time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay.
39
What is the source of energy released by a nuclear fission reaction?
Answer
(B)
The binding energy of the nucleus.
40
What is the charge of a beta particle?
Answer
(B)
-1
41
According to the Bohr model, how do electrons emit light?
Answer
(C)
By moving between energy levels.
42
What is another name for a beta particle?
Answer
(C)
Electron
43
Which of the following is NOT a component of an atom?
Answer
(D)
Molecule
44
What element is used in smoke detectors?
Answer
(C)
Americium-241
45
What is the key challenge in creating a sustainable fusion reaction?
Answer
(C)
To achieve and maintain extremely high temperatures and pressures.
46
What type of energy does a nuclear power plant primarily generate?
Answer
(B)
Electrical energy
47
What is the charge of a neutron?
Answer
(C)
Neutral
48
What is an isotope?
Answer
(C)
An atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons.
49
Which of these is NOT a use of radioactivity?
Answer
(D)
Creating fire
50
Which model of the atom is also known as the
Answer
(C)
Thomson's Model