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Physics for IGCSE & O level - Atoms And Radioactivity (Section 6)

1
What element is often used in smoke detectors?
Answer
(C)
Americium
2
What does the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus represent?
Answer
(C)
Mass number
3
What does the term 'nuclear transmutation' refer to?
Answer
(C)
The change of one element into another.
4
What type of radiation can be stopped by a few millimeters of aluminum?
Answer
(B)
Beta particles
5
Which of the following is the most penetrating type of radiation?
Answer
(C)
Gamma
6
What are the products of hydrogen fusion in the sun?
Answer
(A)
Helium and energy
7
What is the impact of ionizing radiation?
Answer
A
C
D
8
If a sample has a half-life of 10 years, how much of the original radioactive material will remain after 20 years?
Answer
(C)
One-quarter
9
Which of the following is NOT a property of alpha particles?
Answer
(D)
High penetrating power
10
What can ionizing radiation do?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
11
How many neutrons are present in Lithium-7?
Answer
(B)
4
12
What is the name of the theory that explained how light is emitted from atoms?
Answer
(C)
The Bohr model
13
What happens during gamma decay?
Answer
(C)
High-energy photons are emitted
14
What type of radiation is most easily stopped by a thin sheet of paper?
Answer
(A)
Alpha particles
15
What happens in a controlled nuclear fission reaction?
Answer
(C)
Energy is released slowly and is used to generate electricity.
16
What processes are examples of radioactive decay?
Answer
A
B
17
What are some uses of radioactive tracers in medical procedures?
Answer
A
B
18
What type of radiation is used in medical treatments like radiation therapy?
Answer
(C)
Gamma
19
Which scientist developed the plum pudding model of the atom?
Answer
(B)
Thomson
20
What is the energy source of the sun?
Answer
(C)
Fusion
21
Which particle is found in the nucleus of an atom and has no charge?
Answer
(B)
Neutron
22
Which type of radioactive decay involves the emission of an alpha particle?
Answer
(C)
Alpha decay
23
What is the purpose of a collimator in medical imaging?
Answer
(D)
To direct the flow of radiation and improve the image quality.
24
What will happen to the mass number when an alpha particle is released?
Answer
(B)
Decreases by 4
25
What is the role of a coolant in a nuclear reactor?
Answer
(C)
To remove heat
26
What is a common use of radioactive isotopes in medicine?
Answer
(C)
Medical imaging
27
In nuclear fission, what is the splitting of a nucleus triggered by?
Answer
(C)
Neutrons
28
What is the main advantage of using fusion as an energy source?
Answer
(B)
It uses abundant and readily available fuel.
29
The detector used in the Geiger-Müller tube is the ______.
Answer
(A)
GM tube
30
What is the process of splitting a nucleus called?
Answer
(B)
Fission
31
What is the relationship between mass and energy according to Einstein's famous equation?
Answer
(A)
Mass is converted into energy.
32
What makes up the nucleus of an atom?
Answer
(C)
Protons and neutrons
33
What is the process where an atom releases energy by transforming its structure?
Answer
(C)
Radioactive decay
34
Which of the following is a way that radioactivity is used in cancer treatment?
Answer
(A)
Gamma radiation
35
What are some of the advantages of using fusion compared to fission?
Answer
A
B
36
Where is the majority of the mass of an atom concentrated?
Answer
(B)
In the nucleus
37
What is the key fuel used in a nuclear fission reactor?
Answer
(B)
Uranium
38
What type of radiation is used in medical imaging?
Answer
(C)
Gamma
39
What does a Geiger counter measure?
Answer
(A)
The amount of radioactivity
40
What is the name of the smallest unit of an element that can exist and still has properties of that element?
Answer
(C)
Atom
41
What is the term for the amount of time required for one-half of a radioactive material to decay?
Answer
(C)
Half-life
42
What is the name given to the process where a nucleus spontaneously emits particles or energy?
Answer
(C)
Radioactive decay
43
What is the term for the time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay?
Answer
(A)
Half-life
44
What does half-life refer to?
Answer
(B)
The time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay.
45
What type of particles are released in beta decay?
Answer
(C)
Electrons
46
Which of these is a major problem associated with nuclear fission?
Answer
(B)
It produces radioactive waste.
47
What happens to the mass number of a nucleus when a beta particle is emitted?
Answer
(C)
Remains the same
48
What is the basic structure of an atom, according to Rutherford's model?
Answer
(C)
Protons and neutrons in the nucleus, electrons orbiting the nucleus
49
What is the primary product of nuclear fusion in stars?
Answer
(A)
Helium
50
What is released during beta decay?
Answer
(B)
Beta particle