Physics for IGCSE & O level - Atoms And Radioactivity (Section 3)
2
What are the units for half-life?
3
What are the key components of an atom?
4
Where is the majority of an atom's mass concentrated?
5
Where does the energy in the Sun come from?
6
What are the components of an atom's nucleus?
7
What is the process where an atom loses or gains electrons and becomes an ion?
8
What are the two forces that tightly bind protons and neutrons in the nucleus together?
Answer(A)
Strong and weak nuclear force.
9
What type of ionizing radiation is commonly used in medicine?
10
What happens during alpha decay?
11
What is the name for versions of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons?
12
Which of these is the measurement of radioactivity in SI units?
13
Which part of an atom contains protons and neutrons?
14
What is the nature of the radiation emitted from Gamma Decay?
15
What happens to an atom when it emits a beta particle?
Answer(A)
Its atomic number increases by 1.
16
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between half-life and the stability of a radioactive isotope?
Answer(B)
Longer half-life implies greater stability.
17
Which of the following is used to monitor the thickness of materials?
18
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an alpha particle?
19
What does the term 'activity' of a radioactive source refer to?
Answer(B)
The rate at which the source emits radiation.
20
What type of particle is released during alpha decay?
21
Which of the following is a form of radioactive emission?
22
Protons and neutrons are found in the ______.
23
What process is responsible for the energy released in a nuclear power plant?
24
What is the process of splitting the atom called?
25
What are the main types of nuclear radiation?
26
The half-life of Iodine-131 is 8 days. How long will it take for the activity of a sample to reduce to 1/4 of its original value?
27
What is meant by the term 'activity' of a radioactive source?
Answer(B)
The rate of decay of the radioactive substance
28
What type of radiation is emitted when an atom's nucleus undergoes radioactive decay and releases a high-energy photon?
29
What type of radiation is emitted from smoke detectors?
30
Which type of radiation can be blocked by a sheet of lead?
31
What happens to the mass number during alpha decay?
32
What is the role of the moderator in a nuclear reactor?
33
What charge does a neutron have?
34
Which of the following is a key component of a Geiger-Müller tube?
35
What unit is used to measure radioactivity?
36
What is the unit used to measure the activity of a radioactive source?
37
What is the role of a moderator in a nuclear reactor?
38
Which subatomic particle has the smallest mass?
39
What is the basic structure of an atom as understood after Rutherford's experiment?
Answer(B)
A positively charged nucleus surrounded by negative electrons.
40
What is the approximate half-life of Carbon-14?
41
What type of reaction occurs when lighter nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus?
42
What happens to the atomic number during beta decay?
43
What is the name of the theory that describes the arrangement of quarks?
44
What does the atomic number represent?
45
What are some of the risks associated with nuclear power?
46
What is the name of the process where two lighter nuclei combine to form a heavier one?
47
Which particle is emitted during beta decay?
48
What type of radiation has the highest penetrating power?
49
Which type of radiation has the highest penetrating power?
50
Which of the following is a key observation from Rutherford's gold foil experiment?
Answer(C)
Most alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil.
