JEE Advance - Physics (2025 - Paper 2 Online - No. 4)
Explanation
To determine the relative rate of change of the separation between the two stars, let's first understand the relationship governing their motion.
Equilibrium of Forces:
$ m_2 \omega^2 r = \frac{G m_1 m_2}{r^2} $
Here, $ \omega $ is the angular velocity. From the balance of gravitational force and the centripetal force, we can solve for $ \omega $:
$ \omega = \sqrt{\frac{G m_1}{r^3}} $
Angular Momentum (L):
$ L = m_2 \omega r^2 = m_2 \sqrt{\frac{G m_1}{r^3}} r^2 $
Simplifying, we find:
$ L = m_2 \sqrt{G m_1 r} = \text{constant} $
Differential Relation:
Taking the natural logarithm of the angular momentum expression:
$ \ln L = \ln m_2 + \ln G + \frac{1}{2} \ln m_1 + \frac{1}{2} \ln r $
Since $ L $ is constant, differentiate both sides:
$ 0 = \frac{dm_2}{m_2} + \frac{1}{2} \frac{dm_1}{m_1} + \frac{1}{2} \frac{dr}{r} $
Rate of Change of Separation (r):
Solving for $\frac{dr}{r}$, we arrive at:
$ \frac{1}{r} \frac{dr}{dt} = -\frac{2}{m_2} \frac{dm_2}{dt} - \frac{1}{m_1} \frac{dm_1}{dt} $
Since mass is transferred at a constant rate $ \gamma $, we have $ \frac{dm_1}{dt} = \gamma $ and $ \frac{dm_2}{dt} = - \gamma $.
Substitute the Variable Rates:
Substituting these values:
$ \frac{1}{r} \frac{dr}{dt} = -\frac{2(-\gamma)}{m_2} - \frac{\gamma}{m_1} \approx -\frac{2\gamma}{m_2} $
Thus, the relative rate of change of the separation between the stars is approximately $-\frac{2\gamma}{m_2}$ s$^{-1}$.
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